368 INANITION AND MALNUTRITION 



In experimental beriberi (polyneuritis) in 200 fowls and 150 pigeons on 

 polished rice diet, Tasawa ('15) found no noteworthy changes in the gross 

 appearance of the lungs. 



Voegtlin and Lake ('19) found degenerative changes in the lungs of cats, 

 dogs and rats with polyneuritis on diets deficient in vitamin B. Emmet and 

 Allen ('20) found passive congestion of the lungs and other organs in rats 

 on diets deficient in vitamin B, but no appreciable change on diets deficient 

 in vitamin A. 



McCarrison ('21) noted that an autoclaved rice diet (mixed deficiency of 

 protein, vitamins, etc.) apparently resulted in a loss in weight of the lungs in 

 monkeys, but an increased weight of the lungs in guinea pigs and pigeons. 



In infantile scurvy, Erdheim ('18) reported pulmonary complications in 24 

 out of 31 cases; bronchitis occurred in n, and bronchopneumonia in 13. The 

 thoracic deformity may explain the respiratory disorders. Hart ('12) found 

 pulmonary hemorrhages in scorbutic monkeys. Hess ('20) reviewed the 

 pathology of scurvy, concluding that pulmonary congestion is nearly always 

 present. Aside from terminal pneumonia and edema, however, the lungs appear 

 remarkably free from abnormality. Pulmonary hemorrhages are less common 

 than might be expected. Subpleural hemorrhages and terminal pneumonia are 

 found in experimental scurvy in guinea pigs. 



Bessesen ('23) in guinea pigs dying from scurvy found a marked increase in 

 the weight of the lungs, which he thought might be due to terminal pneumonia 

 (Table 12). 



In thirst (aqueous inanition), the lungs might be expected to be particularly 

 affected by the dessication. In 5 pigeons on dry diet, with loss of about 44 per 

 cent in body weight, Schuchardt ('47) noted an apparent loss of only 13 per cent 

 in the lungs. Falck and Scheffer ('54), in a dog losing about 20 per cent in body 

 weight on a dry diet, found an apparent loss of 26.9 per cent in the weight of the 

 lungs, trachea and larynx. Bowin ('80) found that in dogs on dry diet the 

 lungs and other organs lost in weight much as during total inanition, and that 

 there was no marked change in water content of the lungs. 



Pernice and Scagliosi ('95a) observed that in a dog which died after 11 days 

 on dry diet, the pleura was apparently normal and the lungs pale and anemic. 

 Histologically, the pulmonary vessels appeared congested, and some of the alveo- 

 lar lumina contained blood. There was a general connective tissue sclerosis, 

 and in many places small round cell infiltration. Some of the alveolar walls 

 appeared atrophic. The medium-sized and small bronchi were affected, the 

 mucosa showing small cell infiltration. The epithelium was poorly stainable, 

 with some desquamation. There was an exudate with red blood corpuscles and 

 leukocytes containing black pigment granules. In 3 young chicks similarly 

 subjected to dry diet, the lungs showed general congestion. The interlobular 

 connective tissue and most of the alveoli contained red blood corpuscles. The 

 bronchi appeared inflamed, and the bronchial walls and interlobular connective 

 tissue contained much black pigment. 



In adult albino rats on a dry diet, Kudo ('21) found in the acute thirst series 

 (body loss of 36 per cent) a loss of 44 per cent in the weight of the lungs; in the 



