454 



INANITION AND MALNUTRITION 



Hibernation. — Some observations on the hypophysis during hibernation are 

 of special interest, since sleep and hibernation have by some authors been 

 ascribed to changes in the hypophysis. 



Gemelli ('06, '06a) noted in the marmot (Arctomys marmota) evidences 

 of absence or decrease in secretory activity (cyanophile or basophile cells) in the 



Fig. 116. — A small portion of the pars anterior of an albino rat (S. 5.12) held at constant 

 body weight by underfeeding from 3 to 10 weeks of age. The effect of the inanition is striking, 

 resulting in hyperemia and atrophy of the parenchyma. The cytoplasm is decreased in 

 amount, sparsely granular, and filled with coarse vacuoles which sometimes coalesce to form 

 irregular spaces. The nuclei are hyperchromatic, in various stages of pycnosis. X760. 

 Technique, etc. as in Fig. 115; compare also Fig. 117. (Jackson '17.) 



Fig. 117. — A small portion of the pars anterior of the hypophysis in a normal albino rat 

 (St. 47.5) 10 weeks old, body weight 196 g. This represents the typical adult structure. 

 Most of the cells are of the weakly basophilic type. Several eosinophiles are shown (darker 

 color). X760. Technique, etc. as in Fig. 115. (Jackson '17.) 



anterior lobe of the hypophysis during hibernation, with the reappearance of 

 mitoses and cyanophile cells upon awakening in the spring. Cushing and 

 Goetsch ('15) found that: 



"in a series of hibernating animals (woodchucks) it has been found that 

 during the dormant period histological changes are apparent in many of the 

 ductless glands. The most notable of these changes occur in the pituitary 

 body, as previously observed by Gemelli. The gland not only diminishes in 



