General Index 



Shoebill, 50 



Shortness of life, as fitness character, 



38 

 Shrew, 34, 109 

 Sib-sib correlation, of longevity in 



man, 122-3 

 Simmonds' disease, 135 

 Size 



determinate specific, 12, 38, 67, 

 70 fT., 154 et passim 



and growth, in fish, 53, 65 

 Skin elasticity, 26 

 Slugs, 104 

 Snails, 104, 105 

 Snakes, 45, 52 

 Social animals, 38, 40, 1 1 1 

 Social aspects, of human longevity, 



192-3 

 Soma, evolution of, 9 

 Spermatogenesis, decline of, 64 

 Spiders, 44, 56, 92, 130, 131 

 Sponges, 12, 56, 80-1 

 Standard of living, and longevity, 



63 

 Starling, 109, 110 

 Starvation 



effect on life-span, 143 ff. 

 Stresses, random, resistance to, 30 

 Strawberry plants, clonal degenera- 

 tion, 120 

 Sturgeon, 53, 72 

 Suctorians, 115 

 Sunfish, Indiana, 71 

 Supercentenarians, 60-1 

 Survival curves, 18 



human, 3, 21, etc. 



types, 19, 20 



(see under specific organisms) 

 Swans, 49 



Tadpoles, 139, 155, 161 

 Tapirs, 46 

 Tarantulas, 56, 92 

 Taxi-meter, 141 

 Teeth, wear, 34, 109 

 Teleosts, 44, 68, 69, 74, 77 

 Telephone switchboards, 33 



Temperature 



coefficient, of growth and develop- 

 ment, 10, 138 



effect on larvel development, 

 147 



effect on life-span, 143 

 Tench, 54 

 Termites, 55, 57, 92, 100, 112, 



140 

 Terrapins, 51-2, 78-9 

 Test, of individual senescence, 31, 



198 

 Testis, 69 

 Testosterone, 171 

 Theories, of senescence, 7 ff., 162, 



189 

 Thiouracil, 153, 161 

 Thrush, 109 

 Thymus, 31 



Thyreo trophic hormone, 186 

 Thyroid, 64, 149, 153, 161, 171, 183, 



185, 186, 187 

 Ticks, 143 



Time, 'biological', 5-6 

 Tissue culture, 9, 10-11. 171, 200 

 Toads, 52 

 Tortoises, 31, 45, 51-2 



growth, 78, 79 

 Toxins, as cause of senescence, 10, 



154 ff., 170 

 Trees, giant, 12 



survival, 19 

 Trout, 54, 70, 71, 77 

 Tsetse flies, 112 



Tumblers, breakage rate, 22, 23 

 Turkeys, 180 

 Turnover, of cells, 166-7, 168 



of enzymes, 164 



of protein, 34 

 Turtles, 51, 52, 79 

 Twins, longevity studies, 122 



Underfeeding, effects, 143 ff. 

 Unionidae, 107 



Vertebrates, 11 



types of life-span in, 13 



252 



