THE EXTRAPYRAMIDAL MOTOR SYSTEM 



923 



mechanisms of its functions and the coordinative 

 action of its parts. Some of our conceptions were de- 

 veloped only from the interpretation of morphological 

 data or from neuropathological observations and are 

 not based on experiments. Fiber connections between 

 different nuclei and the afferent and efferent pathways 

 of basal ganglia give only limited indications of 

 physiological functions. The efferent extrapyramidal 

 mechanisms, especially, which probably consist largely 

 of short chains of neurons, have not yet been worked 

 out. The corticospinal (pyramidal) tract acts also as 

 an efferent extrapyramidal mechanism, although this 

 appears paradoxical at first sight. \'ery little also is 



known about the afferent input to the higher extra- 

 pyramidal centers from difi'erent receptor organs and 

 about the role of these afferent influences in the co- 

 ordination of motor activity. However, recent electro- 

 physiological studies on single neurons of the striatum 

 activated by different receptors provide a new ap- 

 proach to this problem and may help to elucidate the 

 afferent aspect of the extrapyramidal system. 



It is one of the purposes of this chapter to show the 

 many gaps in our scientific knowledge in this field and 

 to indicate where additional neurophysiological ob- 

 servations are needed. This may stimulate further re- 

 search to solve at least some of the many physiological 

 riddles of the functions of the basal ganglia. 



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