REGULATION OF FEEDING AND DRINKING 



1205 



from the skin, as well as from receptors in the mouth, 

 pharynx and gastrointestinal tract, but it is based 

 upon more generalized types of change in the internal 

 environment. These generalized changes arc ijelieved 

 to influence the neurons in a manner which leads to 

 selective facilitation or inhibition of reflex patterns 

 essential to eating and drinking. 

 /) The generalized changes include the availability 



of water and of gluco.se and other metabolites, and 

 the conditions of temperature regulation. Other im- 

 portant variables of this type may be as yet unknown. 

 g) Gastric hunger and pharyngeal thirst remain 

 as important problems in general .sensation. Under 

 natural conditions they have a part in motivating 

 feeding and drinking, but they are not required for 

 the regulation of either energv or water exchange. 



REFERENCES 



19- 

 20. 



23 



24- 



26. 



27- 

 28. 



29- 



Adolph, E. F. Am. J. Physiol. 125: 75, 1939. 



.Adolph, E. F. Physiological Regulations. Lanca.ster : Cattell, 



'943- 



Adolph, E. F. .Am. J. Physiol. 151 : iio, 1947. 



Adolph, E. F. Am. J. Physiol. 161 : 374, 1950. 



Adolph, E. F., J. P. Barker and P. A. Hov. Am. J. 



Phyuol. 178:538, 1954. 



Anand, B. K. and J. R. Brobeck. i'ale J. Biol. & Med. 



24: 123. >95'- 



Anand, B. K. and .S. Dua. Iniiian J. .\t. Res. 43: 113, 



'955- 



Anand, B. K., S. T>v.\ and K. Shhoenberg. J. Physiol. 



127: 143, 1955. 



Andersson, B. Acta pliysiol. scatidinav. 28: 188, 1953. 



Andersson, B. and S. M. McCann. Acta physiol. scandinav. 



35: ■9". '955- 



Andersson, B. and S. M. McCann. .Acta physiol. scandinav. 



35: 3'2, 1955- 



Anliker, J. AND J. Mayer. Am. J. Clin. .Viittition 5: 148, 



'957- 



Archdeacon, J. VV., M. W. Presnell and C. J. Walton. 



Am. J. Physiol. 157: 149, 1949. 



Barnett, S. a. Behaviour 9: 24, 1956. 



Bazett, H. C. and VV. G. Pen field. Brain 45: i, 1922. 



Bellows, R. T. Am. J. Physiol. 125: 87, 1939. 



Berkum, M. M., M. L. Kessen and N. E. Miller. J. 



Comp. & Physiol. Psychol. 45: 550, 1952. 



Brobeck, J. R. Yale J. Biol. & Med. 20: 545, 1948. 



Brobeck, J. R. Yale J. Biol. & Med. 29: 565, 1957. 



Brobeck, J. R., J. Tepperman and C. N. H. Long. 



Yale J. Biol. & Med. 15: 831, 1943. 



Brobeck, J. R., M. Wheatland and J. L. .Stromincer. 



Endocrinology 40: 65, 1947. 



Brooks, C. McC, R. .\. Lockwood and M. L. Wiggins. 



Am. J. Physiol. 147: 735, 1946. 



Brugoer, M. Helvel. physiol. et Pharmacol, acta i : 183, 



1943- 



Cannon, W. B. Proc. Roy. .Soc, London, ser. B 90: 283, 



1918. 



Cannon, VV. B. and A. L. Washbur.n. .4m. J. Physiol. 



29: 441, 1912. 



Carlson, A. J. Control oj Hunger in Health and Disease. 



Chicago: Univ. Chicago Press, 1916. 



Cooke, R. E. Yale J. Biol. <S? Med. 24: 334, 1952. 



Cort, R. L. Thesis. New Haven: Yale LJnivcrsity School 



of Medicine, 1951. 



Crosby, E. C. and R. T. Woodburne. A. Res. .Ven'. & 



Ment. Dis., Proc. 20: 52, 1940. 



30. Deloado, J. M. R. and B. K. An.\nd. .4m. J. Physiol. 

 172; 162, 1953. 



30a. Dethier, V. G. and Bodenstein. ^Ischr. Tierpaychol. 15: 

 129, 1958. 



31. Dethier, V. G. and D. R. Evans. J. Insect Physiol, i: 3, 



■957- 



32. Drachman, R. H. and ]. Tepperman. Yale J. Biol. & 

 Med. 26: 394, 1954. 



33. Feldman, S. E., S. Larsson and S. Lepkovskv. .Im. J. 

 Physiol. 191: 259, 1957. 



34. Fenton, p. F. Am. J. Physiol. 184: 52, 1956. 



35. Gasnier, a. and a. Mayer. Ann. de physiol. 15: 145, 157, 

 186, 195, 2 ID, 1939. 



36. Gilbert, G. J. Am. J. Physiol. 191 : 243, 1957. 



37. Gilman, a. Am. J. Physiol. 120: 323, 1937. 



38. Goltz, F. Arch. ges. Physiol. 51 : 570, 1892. 



39. Greer, M. A. Proc. Soc. Exper. Biol. & Med. 89: 59, 1955. 



40. Gregerson, M. I. and L.J. Cizek. In: Medical Physiology, 

 edited by P. Bard. St. Louis: Mosby, 1956, p. 763. 



41. Grossman, M. L, G. M. Cummins and A. C. Ivv. .im. J. 

 Physiol. 149: 100, 1947. 



42. Harris, S. C, A. C. Ivy and L. M. Searle. J. A. .\i. A. 

 134: 1468, 1947. 



43. Hetherington, .'\. VV. and .S. W. Ranson. Am. J. Physiol. 

 136: 609, 1942. 



44. Hinde, R. a. Behaviour 5 : 1 89, 1 953. 



45. Ingle, D. J. Proc. Soc. Exper. Biol. & Med. -j'2: 604, 1949. 



46. Janowitz, H. D. and M. I. Grossman. J. .Ml. Sinai 

 Hosp. Netv York 16: 231, 1949. 



47. Janowitz, H. D. and M. I. Grossman, .im. J. Physiol. 



159: 143. ■949- 



48. Jewell, P. A. and E. B. Verney. Phil. Trans. B 240: 



197. 1957- 



49. Kennedy', G. C. Proc. Roy. Soc, London, ser. B 137: 535, 



1950- 



50. Kennedy, G. C. Proc. Roy. Soc, London, ser. B 140: 578, 



>953- 



51. Kirschb.\um, VV. R. J. .Nerv. e? .Ment. Dis. 113: 95, 1951. 



52. KoHN, M., J. Comp. & Physiol. Psychol. 44: 412, 1951. 



53. Larsson, S. .icta physiol. .scandinav. 32, Suppl. 115: 63, 



1954- 



54. Larsson, S. Acta physiol. scandinav. 40: 367, 1957. 



55. Lepkovsky, S., R. Lyman, D. Fleming, M. N.agumo 

 AND M. M. Dimick. .im. J. Physiol. 188: 327, 1957. 



56. LiEBELT, R. A. AND J. H. Perry. Proc Soc. Exper. Biol. & 

 Med. 95: 774, 1957. 



57. Maire, F. W. and H. D. Patton. .im. J. Physiol. 178: 

 315. '954- 



