34« 



HANDBOOK OF PHYSIOLOGY 



NEUROPHYSIOLOGY II 



early ol)tained from the orbital gyrus of cats and dogs 

 (51, 199, 241, 257) and by Spencer (241) from the 

 posterior orbital surface of the frontal lobe of the 

 monkey. These papers were, however, largely for- 

 gotten until the report of Bailey & Sweet in 1940 (21 ) 

 who substantiated and extended the earlier observa- 

 tions in cats and monkeys. In the past 15 years the 

 orbital surface has been extensively studied in the 



cat (21, 108, 126, 215, 234, 240), dog (54, 126, 215, 

 -34. 240), monkey (54, 126, 133, 159, 215, 256) and 

 man (41, 42, 158). Of particular importance was the 

 observation by Sugar et al. in 1948 (245) that in 

 monkeys the posterior orbital respiratory area con- 

 tinues into the anterior insula. The next year Kaada 

 and co-workers (133) reported similar effects in the 

 monkey on stimulating the temporal polar cortex, a 



FIG. 2. Anteroventrolateral (.-1) and ventromedial (B) view of the hemisphere of Macaca mulalla. 

 Insula partly visualized by .separation of the temporal and frontoparietal opercula. Area yielding 

 inhibition of respiratory movements with arrest in expiration indicated by dots, ai, inferior ramus 

 of the arcuate sulcus; C, cingulate (limbic) gyrus; cc, corpus callosum; ce, central fissure; ci, cingulate 

 sulcus; /o, fronto-orbital sulcus; GH, hippocampal gvrus; /.\", insula; los and mos, lateral and medial 

 olfactory striae; OL, lateral orbital gyrus; olf, olfactory tract; 01', posterior orbital gyrus; or, orbital 

 sulcus; R, gyrus rectus; rh, rhinal hssure; ro, rostral .sulcus; .S', subcallosal gyrus; TO, olfactory 

 tubercle. (C) Anteroventrolateral, (D) ventral and (E) medial view of cat brain. Areas yielding 

 inhibition (dots) and acceleration (-j-) of respiratory movements. In (D) the right olfactory bulb 

 and tract have been removed in order to visualize the underlying responsive cortex, chiefly the 

 ventral aspect of the gyrus proreus. cc, corpus callosum; hab, habenula; nu, massa intermedia; S, 

 septum pellucidum, sm, stria medullaris. [From Kaada (126).] 



