CINGULATE, POSTERIOR ORBITAL, ANTERIOR INSULAR AND TEMPORAL POLE CORTEX 



I361 



tion of the posterior part of the pyriform cortex in 

 cats, dogs and monkeys (126). The descending paths 

 mediating these effects from the pyriform area possibly 

 course via the amygdala and stria terminalis (126). 



For furtlier details concerning the \arious auto- 

 nomic effects evoked from these areas the reader is 

 referred to the reviews by Gastaut (83) and Kaada 

 (126). 



Behavioral Responses 



A behavior change termed "arrest reaction" (126, 

 232), 'searching,' 'attention' (!i8, 119, 130, 131) or 



'arousal' (223) can be elicited on stimulation of the 

 regions indicated in figure "jD on the medial surface 

 of the hemisphere in freely inox ing unanesthetized 

 animals. The responsi\e sites are located mainly 

 within the medial orbitofrontal cortex and the cingu- 

 late gsrus, including the anterior and posterior cingu- 

 late areas and the retrosplenial region. Finally, some 

 points are found within the medial portion of the 

 hippocampal gyrus, including the temporal pole 

 (131) and in the orbital gyrus (126). The response 

 shown in figure 7.4 and 5 is a rather typical one. 

 Immediately at the onset of stimulation all spontane- 



FiG. 7. A and B: 'Attention" or 'arousal,' raising of head, pricking of ears and searching move- 

 ments to the right side caused by stimulating at point indicated by arrow (C) in the left retrosplenial 

 region. [From Kaada et al. (131).] D: Medial aspect of cat hemisphere indicating points (squares) 

 from which the 'attention' or 'arousal" reaction was obtained; no such responses from points marked 

 by dnis. E: .\real subdivision of the medial surface, mainly according to Rose & W'oolsey (209). 

 Origin and course of the fibers of the cingulum bundle is according to current concept. [From 

 Kaada el al. (131) and Jansen cl al. (119).] 



