'432 



HANDBOOK OF PHYSIOLOGY 



NEUROPHYSIOLOGY II 



second somatic area in, 810 



spinal paths of bladder control, 1222 



supplementary motor areas, 809 



thalamic nuclei, stimulation, 883 

 Marsupials 



motor cortex in, 799 

 Mass reflex 



description, 783 



mechanism, 783 

 Mastication 



central control, 1 1 64 



pyriform cortex and, 1357 

 Maternal behavior 



neural lesions and, 1233 

 Mediobasal forebrain 



model of mechanisms, 1 339 

 Medulla oblongata 



bladder control and, 1218 



cardiac centers, 1 1 40 



cardiovascular control, 1 139-1 147 



cardiovascular discharge, rhythmicity, 

 1 141 



integration of vital regulation, 958 



pressor and depressor regions, 1 1 39 

 localization, 1 140 

 tonic activity, 11 39 



pyramids 



lesion in infants, 822 

 section of, 822 

 stimulation, 840 



respiratory centers in, 1 1 1 2 



spinal vasomotor pathways, descrip- 

 tion, 1 141 



stimulation, vasodilation and vaso- 

 constriction and, 1 1 53 



sympathetic vasodilator nerves and, 

 1 152 



termination of pyramidal fibers in, 

 822 



vagal reflex centers, 1122 



vasomotor neurons 



carbon dioxide tension, 1 146 

 oxygen tension, i 1 46 



vasomotor reflexes 



description, 1 1 4 1 - 1 1 46 

 efferent pathways, 1 1 45 

 vasoconstrictor tone and, 1 146 

 Medullary pyramids: see Medulla ob- 

 longata, pyramids 

 MeduUated fibers; see Nerve fibers, 



myelinated 

 Memory 



amygdaloid stimulation, 1406 

 Mephanesin 



EEG arousal and, 1290 

 Meprobamate 



EEG and, 917 

 Mesencephalon 



autonomic centers in, 960 



cardiovascular control and, 1147 



righting reflexes and, 787 



stimulation and ablation, 884-890 



stimulation, vasodilation and, 1152 



structures responsible for posture, 891 

 sympathetic vasodilator nerves and, 



1152 

 vasomotor neurons, i r 47 

 Micturition 



see also Bladder, Cystometrogram 

 afferent basis of, 1221 

 central control, 1214, 1220 

 myotatic reflex, 12 15, 1219 

 pathological physiology, 12 18 

 reflex 



control at neural levels, 1219 

 cystometrogram, 1 2 1 1 

 stimulation and, 121 7 

 transections at various levels and, 

 1210 

 threshold, definition, 1208 

 Midbrain: see Mesencephalon 

 Milk-ejection reflex 



oxytocic hormone and, 1032 

 Mollusca 



neurosecretory activity, 1059 

 Monkey : see Primates 

 Monosynaptic reflexes 

 autonomic, 953 



evoked compared to natural, 938 

 gastrocnemius, pinch stimuli and, 945 

 heteronymous transmission, 939 

 interconnection, 939 

 myotatic, 938 

 of lower sacral and caudal segments, 



948 

 quadriceps, cross conditioning of, 946 

 relations between antagonists, 939, 



940 

 relations between synergists, 939, 940 

 response to single shock, 939 

 stretch-evoked afi'erent discharge, 943 

 stretch origin, 939 



Monotremes 



motor cortex in, 799 



Motoneurons 



see also Gamma motoneurons 

 activation patterns in posture, 1072 

 alpha, cerebellum and, 1261, 1264 

 flexor and extensor, conditioning of 



943 

 interaction between alpha and gamma, 



886, 901, 1077 



pyramidal volleys, 858 



relation to type of muscle fiber, 1072 



segmental, suprasegmental influence, 



1293 



tonic and phasic, 1073 

 Motor activity 



see also Athetoid syndrome; Ballistic 

 syndrome; Choreic syndrome; Sen- 

 sorimotor integration; etc. 



ablation and, 813 



amygdala stimulation and, 1404 



conditioned, 826 



contraversive turning 



caudate nucleus and, 873 

 neuronal mechanisms, 894-896 



cortically induced, areas affecting, 1354 



corticosubcortical interrelations and, 

 828 



direction-specific movements, 890, 903 



downward movements, neuronal mech- 

 anisms, 893 



ipsiversive turning, neuronal mecha- 

 nisms, 894 



parietal lobe influences, 827 



patterns 



in postural tone, 1071 



of attention, 912 



pyramid stimulation and, 840 



pyramid-evoked, temporal summation, 

 840 



relays compared to afferent, 935 



responses from supplementary motor 

 areas, 808 



response to suppressor areas, 1 35' -1 353 



rotation around longitudinal axis, 

 neuronal mechanisms, 890 



sensorimotor integration of, 822-829 



somatotopic movements, cerebral cor- 

 tex and, 1356 



statokinetic regulation, 902 



striatal system and, 87"^ 



teleokinetic and ereismatic motility, 

 902 



upward movements, neuronal mecha- 

 nisms, 892 



voluntary 



cerebellar influence, 1274 

 cortical components, 824 

 eye movements and, 1 096 

 initiation in centrencephalic sys- 

 tem, 825 

 Motor cortex : see Cerebral cortex (area 4) 

 Motor integration, 781-794 



auditory input and, 823 



central nervous system function in, 793 



cerebral-cerebellar interrelations, 816, 

 899-901, 1253, 1263, 1274 



cortical control, 790 



hemispherectomy and, 814 



hypothalamus and, 788 



motor cortex and, 790 



sensory afFerents and, 823 



spinal, 781-786 



suprasegmental, 786-794 



temporal cortex, 812 



vestibular inpiU and, 824 



visual control, 791, 823 

 Movement, decomposition of 



definition, 1266 

 Multiple object problem 



diagram, 1328 

 Multisynaptic reflexes 



autonomic, in spinal cord, 953 

 Muscle 



afferent libers 



central effects of, 1069 



