1434 



HANDBOOK OF PHYSIOLOGY 



NEfROPHYSIOLom- II 



posterior, ablation, 1366 



'vagal' activities, 1355 

 Orbitoinsulotcmporal cortex 



ablation, 1365- 1367 



anatomy, 1 345-1 369 



arterial pressure and, 1358 



autonomic responses, 1357 



behavioral arousal and, 1361 



EEG arousal and, 1363 



gastric motility, 1359 



inhibition from, 1356 



inhibition of 



cortically induced movements, 1 353 

 spinal reflexes, 1353 



olfaction and, 1 367 



physiological significance, 1 367-1369 



pupillary responses, 1 360 



respiratory inhibition and, 1350 



reticular formation and, 1 355 



seizure discharges and, 1 364 



somatotopic movements and, 1356 



stimulation, 1347- 1 365 



vocalization, 1357 

 Otoliths 



eye movements and, 1 097 

 Ovaries 



activity after hypophysectomy, 1016 

 Ovulation 



pharmacological blockade of, 1013 

 Oxygen tension 



carbon dioxide tension, 1 1 43 



cardiovascular regulation, 1 145 



medullary vasomotor neurons, 11 46 



spinal vasomotor neurons, 1 1 46 

 Oxytocic hormone 



milk-ejection reflex and, 1032 



parturition and, 1032 



secretion, reflex activation of, 1032 



site of production, 968 



sperm transport and, 1033 



stimulation of lactogenic hormone 

 secretion by, 1014 



Pacinian bodies 



posture and, 1070 

 Pallidofugal paths 



as efferent path for extrapyramidal 



motor system, 87 1 

 Pallidum 



see also Basal ganglia; Corpus striatum; 



Lenticular nucleus. Caudate nucleus; 



Putamen 

 anatomy, in different species, 876 

 connections with hypothalamus, 964 

 cortical connections, 887 

 external, lesions in, 878 

 function, 920 

 lesions of, 874, 876 

 nucleus endopeduncularis in carnivores 



and rodents, 876 

 pathology in various diseases, 878 

 relation to Parkinsonism, 877, 887 



sensorimotor integration and, 815 



stimulation of, 876 



studies in man, 877 

 Papez circle 



anatomy, 1347 



emotion and, 1347 

 Paraplegia 



reticular formation, 1297 

 Parasympathetic nervous system 



see also Autonomic ner\ous system 



organization, 981 



problems of, 982 



transmitters in, 979 



vasodilator nerves 



peripheral distribution, 1137 

 physiological properties, 1 1 38 

 N'asomotor regulation and, 1 156 

 Paraventricular nucleus 



see also Hypothalamus 



water depri\'ation, 1 049 

 Paresis 



control, cerebral cortex and, 791 



due to pyramidotomy, 838 

 Parietal cortex 



lesions of, 827 



motor activity, 827 



motor integration, 812 

 Parinaud's syndrome 



colliculi and, i loi 

 Parkinsonism 



see also Tremor; Rigidity 



description of, 865 



gamma innervation of muscles in, 886, 

 910, 920 



lesions in, 885 



mechanism of, 919 



muscle length and tension in, 886 



nerve pathways in, 885 



origin of resting tremor, 886, 907 



pallidum in, 887 



surgical treatment, 885, 887 



tremor, electromyographs of, 908 

 Parturition 



oxytocic hormone and, 1032 

 Phasic reflexes 



mechanisms, 1274 

 Phrenic nerve 



action potentials from, 1119 



rhythmic activity, 1 1 19 

 Piloerection 



body temperature control, 1 185 



cortical stimulation and, 1360 

 Pituicytes 



function in neurosecretion, 1 046 

 Pituitary gland 



see also Anterior pituitary; Posterior 

 pituitary 



activity 



emotional stress and, 1026 

 when transplanted, loi i 



blood supply to, 1010 



connections with hypothalamus, 965, 

 967 



extirpation, endocrine activity after, 



1016 

 localization of stimulation sites in hypo- 

 thalamus, 1026 

 pars distalis, innervation, 1009 

 portal \essels 

 anatomy, loio 

 function, loi 1 

 regeneration, loii 

 secretion, central control, 1007- 1034 

 Pituitary stalk section 



adrenocorticotrophic secretion after, 



1019, 1020 

 anterior pituitary activity after, 1016- 



1022 

 eff^ects of, 1016 

 gonadotrophic secretion after, 1017- 



1019 

 lactogenic hormone secretion after, 



1021, 1022 

 regeneration, 1017 



thyrotrophic secretion after, 1020, 1021 

 Placing reactions 

 release of, 792 

 Plantar reflex 



pyramidotomy and, 839 

 Pneumotoxic center 

 in pons, 960, 1 1 1 3 

 Polypnea 



see also Respiration; Hyperpnea 

 body warming and, 1 182 

 central control, 1182 

 mechanisms of, 1 181 

 salivation and, 11 86 

 upper brain stem and, 1 1 13 

 Pons 



apneustic center, 1 1 13 

 integration of vital regulation, 958 

 pneumotaxic center, 960, 1 1 1 3 

 respiratory centers in, 1 1 12 

 Posterior orbital cortex: see Orbitoinsiflo- 



temporal cortex 

 Posterior pituitary, 1029- 1034 



see also Pituitary gland; Anterior 



pituitary 

 adrenal medullary hormones, 1033 

 blood osmotic pressure and, 1031 

 connections with hypothalamus, 1 029 

 depletion of neurosecretory material 



in, 1049 

 extract, body temperature control and, 



1 189 

 function, 1053, 1054 

 innervation, 1030 

 nervous control of, 967 

 nervous reflex modifications of, 1030 

 reflex activation, 1033 

 subdivisions, 1009, 1029 

 supraopticohypophyseal tract and, 1052 

 Postural reflexes 



see also Righting reflex; Tonic neck 



reflexes; Labyrinthine reflexes 

 central facilitation, 1075 



