INDEX 



1435 



in spinal animal, 784 

 reticular influences and, 1076 

 spinal afferent influences and, 1075 

 vestibular influences and, 1075 

 Postural tonus 



definition, 1 265 

 Posture 



adjustment, 1077, 1078 

 central levels, 1078 

 afferents in, 1078 

 in man, 1078 

 afferents 



alpha and gamma, 1077 

 from joints, 1070 

 from muscle, 1068 

 afferents concerned, 1068-1071 

 alpha efferents and, 1077 

 center of gravity, 1074 

 central aspects, 1075-1079 

 cutaneous receptors and, 1070 

 diencephalic structures responsible, 892 

 efferent side, 1071-1075 

 endocrines, 1076 

 enteroreceptors, 1071 

 Group II fibers and, 944 

 integration by reticular formation, 902 

 in man, ontogeny, 905 

 maintenance in man, 1074 

 mesodiencephalic structures responsi- 

 ble, 891 

 motor innervation of spindles and, 1076 

 muscle and ligament, elasticity and, 



1074 

 muscle plasticity and, 1067 

 patterns of motoneuron activation, 1071, 



1072 

 relations to locomotion, 1079 

 reticular formation and, 1291 

 role of extrapyramidal motor system, 



901 

 species difference in regulation, 902 

 Pressor mechanisms 



iee also Vasomotor mechanisms 

 pathways, in spinal cord, 956 

 receptors, influence on respiration, 1 124 

 Primates 



Babinsky response in, 808 

 cerebellar lesions in, 1269-1271 

 cortical areas yielding respiratory re- 

 sponse, 1349 

 cortical pyramidal projection areas. 



846, 848 

 forebrain divisions, 1326 

 hemidecortication in, 807 

 motor cortex in, 800 

 nucleus ruber, 888 



destruction of, 889 

 origin of pyramidal tract, 844, 845 

 pyramidotomy in, 838, 839 

 pyramidal axons and motoneurons, 839 

 pyramidal projection in, 846, 848 

 representation of body parts in supple- 

 mentary motor areas, 809 



Problem solving 



forebrain lesions and, 1326-1340 

 Prolepsis 



definition, 905 

 Proprioceptive placing 



cortical ablation and, 792 



true grasp reflex and, 792 

 Proprioceptive system 



cerebellar activity and, 1257 

 Proximal athetosis: see Dystonia 

 Puberty 



influence of pituitary and hypothala- 

 mus, 1019 

 Pulmonary edema 



diencephalon and, 972 

 Pulmonary receptors 



afferent fibers and, 1 144 

 Pulvinar nuclei 



grasping and avoiding responses, 792 

 Pupil 



amygdaloid stimulation and, 1405 



dilatation, cerebral cortex and, 1360 

 Putamen 



see also Pallidum, Basal ganglia, Corpus 

 striatum; Caudate nucleus; Lenticu- 

 lar nucleus 



lesions in, 867, 874 



response to stimuli, 918 



sensorimotor integration and, 815 

 Putaminonigral connections 



as efferent path for extrapyramidal 

 motor system, 869 

 Pyramidal tract, 837-860 



see also Betz cells 



activation by corticopetal afferent 

 systems, 847-850 



afferent fibers in, origin, 856 



anatomy, 837 



antidromic stimulation and, 846, 848 



appraisal of terms, 798, 818 



autonomic efferents in, 1 150 



axon spikes from, 843 



cerebral peduncle and, 821 



collaterals, 839 



compound action potential from, 856 



conditioning, motoneuron discharge 

 and, 859 



conduction velocities, 856 



cortical excitation and, 841-844 



D wave 



anatomical contributors, 841 

 cortical areas evoked from, 844 

 definition, 841 

 relation to units fired for I wave, 842 



descending connections, 82 1 



discharge, cortical delay, 850 



feed-back mechanisms with extra- 

 pyramidal, 900 



fiber sizes and conduction velocities, 



855 

 I wave 



anatomical contributors, 841 

 definition, 841 



relation to units fired for D wave, 

 842 

 in spinal cord, 858 

 interrelation with cerebral cortex and 



cerebellum, 900 

 medulla and, 822 

 medullary pyramids and, 822, 840 

 origin of fibers, 818-821, 844-847 

 physiological role, 838-841 

 responses 



anesthesia and, 849 



contra- and ipsilateral stimulation, 



849 



cortical injury and, 849 



forepaw and cortical stimuli, 857 

 section of 



pyramidal cells and, 839 



results, 838-840 



technic, 838 

 spinal connections, 859 

 spinal mechanism of, 858-860 

 stimulation. 840 



autonomic effectors and, 840 



interareal spread and, 846 



movement patterns, 840 



stimulus spread and, 840 

 topographical organization and course, 



857, 858 

 tremor and, 1298 



volleys, effect on motoneurons, 858 

 Pyriform cortex 

 definition, 1373 

 EEC from, 1362 

 hypersexuality and, 1230 

 masticatory response, 1 357 



Rage 



amygdaloid stimulation and, 1406 



hypothalamus and, 970 

 Railway nystagmus : see Nystagmus, 



optokinetic 

 RAS : see Reticular formation 

 Rebound 



discussion, 787 



in spinal animal, 788 



in thalamic animal, 788 

 Recruiting response 



anesthetic and, 1290 



blocking of, 1318 



cerebral cortex, 1311 



characteristics, 1309 



comparison with augmenting re- 

 sponses, 1316, 1 31 7 



definition, 1308 



dendritic potential waves and, 1310 



drugs and, 1290 



facilitation of motor activity, 1316 



in different cortical areas, 1309 



in visual cortex, site of stimulation, 1312 



microelectrode studies, 1 309 

 Red nucleus ; see Nucleus ruber 

 Reflexes 



see also individual reflexes 



