'436 



HANDBOOK OF PHYSIOLOGY 



NEUROPHYSIOLOGY II 



analysis of entities, 929 



control of mid-line structures, 947 



crossed, of cutaneous origin, 946 



effects of myelinated aflTerent libers, 946 



local sign in, 936 



mechanism, 935 



mediated by autonomic ganglia, 991 



myotatic pathways, 941 



neuronal pools, segmental, 953 



of cutaneous origin, 944 



pyramidectomy and, 839 



recovery in spinal animal, 782 



Reproducti% e behavior 

 see also Behavior 

 central control of, 1228-1238 

 cerebral cortex and, 1229 

 diencephalic mechanisms, 1231 

 factors influencing, 1227 

 hypothalamic mechanisms, 1231-1237 

 hypothalamus and, 969 

 lower brain-stem mechanisms, 1229 

 neural lesions and, 1228-1234 

 neural stimulation and, 1 234-1 238 

 reticular formation and, 1237 

 rhinencephalon and, 1229, 1237 

 self-stimulation and, 1236 

 spinal mechanisms, 1229 

 ventricular injection of hormones and, 

 1236 



Reptiles 



motor cortex in, 799 



Reserpine 



EEG arousal and, 1290, 1291 

 Parkinson-like tremor and, 1291 



Respiration 



see also Hyperpnea; Polypnea; Apneusis 

 amygdaloid stimulation and, 1404 

 arrest, hippocampal stimulation and, 



1392 

 body temperature and, 1 181, i 184 

 cortical and cerebellar influence, 1 1 1 4 

 electrical stimulation of brain stem and, 



1 1 14 

 heating of hypothalamus and, 11 76, 



1 183 

 inhibition, cingulate cortex and, 1350 

 muscles 



electromyographic studies, 11 19 



rhythmic activity, 1 1 19 

 neural control, 1111-1126 

 normal, explanation, 1116 

 pressoreceptor influence, 1 1 24 

 rate 



cortical areas and, 1348, 1349, 1351 



heating of anterior hypothalamus 

 and, 1 1 76 

 reticular formation and, 1 299 

 rhythmic, mechanisms for, 1 1 16 

 Respiratory centers 



anatomy of, 1 1 1 1 - 1 1 1 6 

 functional scheme, diagram, 1 1 18 

 in spinal cord, 1 1 1 5 

 inspiratory and expiratory, 959, 1 1 1 2 



localization, 1 1 1 2 



pneumotaxic, 1 1 1 7 



primary and secondary, 1 1 1 1 



primary 



in medulla oblongata, 1112 

 in the pons, 1112 



reciprocity, 1 1 1 7 



rhythmicity, 1 1 1 7 



vagotomy and, 1 1 1 8 

 Respiratory reflexes 



chemoceptive, 11 23, 1145 



proprioceptive, 1124 



protective, 1 1 24 



swallowing and, 11 25 

 trigeminal nerve and, 1 125 

 Respiratory regulation 



aortic chemoreceptors, i 1 23 



basic rhythms, 1 1 1 8 



carbon dioxide, 1 1 18 



carotid bodies, 1 123 



cortical stimulation and, 11 15 



descending spinal tracts, i j 16 



extrinsic, 11 20- 11 26 



Hering-Breuer reflex and, 1 120 



intrinsic, 1 1 16-1 120 



medullary center, 959 



muscular activity and, 1 1 25 



psychic influences, 1 1 1 9 



spinal pathways, 956 



upper brain stem and, 1 1 13 



\agal chemoreccptive, 1 1 23 



vagus and, 1 120 

 Response 



behavioral, definition, 1334 

 Reticular activating system: see Reticular 



formation 

 Reticular formation, 1281-1301 



acetylcholine and, 1289 



akinetic mutism, i 297 



anatomy, i 281 -1284 



arousal response, 1 287 



ascending influences, 1284-1 291 



autonomic mechanisms and, 1 298, 1 299 



basal ganglia and, 1 285, 1 295 



body temperature control and, 1 188 



carbon dioxide and, 1 289 



cardiac center, ! 1 40 



central brain stem and, 1283 



cerebellum and, 1285, 1294 



cerebral cortex, 1 293 



cingulate cortex and, 1355 



conduction rates, 1285 



connections with amygdala, 1398 



cortical responses, 1 287 



corticifugal connections, 1285 



descending influences, 1 291 -1 298 



description, 957 



drug effects, 1289, 1290 



electrophysiological characteristics, 

 I 284-1 287 



epinephrine and, 1076, 1289 



evoked potentials, 1 284-1 286 



excitatory and inhibitory centers in, 961 



extrapyramidal integration and, 913, 

 922 



facilitation, 1292 



hippocampus and, 1383 



inhibition, 1291 



integration of postural mechanisms, 902 



interneurons and, 1293 



lesions in, 867 



microelectrode studies, 1 286 



mood-altering drugs and, 1 290 



motor mechanisms and, 828 



neurohumoral mechanisms, 1 288, 1 289 



neuronal structure, 958 



neuronography, 1 285 



nystagmus and, 913 



paraplegia, 1 297 



pontine 



in decerebrate rigidity, 786 

 proprioceptive positive supporting 

 reaction and, 786 



pressor and depressor regions, 1 1 39 



projections 



from cerebellum, 1256 

 from thermodetectors, 1 1 88 



pyriform cortex and, 1 355 



regulation of quantities of food and 

 water, 1 200 



relation to imspecific thalamic projec- 

 tion system, 1317-1319 



repetitive stimuli and, 1286 



respiratory centers in, 1 1 1 2 



reticulofugal projections, 1284 



reticulopetal connections, 1282, 1293 



sensation and, 1300 



sensory connections, i 284, 1 296 



sex behavior and, 1 237 



sleep, 1287, 1288 



spasticity and, 1296 



thalamic nuclei and, 1283, 1317-13 19 



tremor and, 1 298 



upper midbrain, activation by epi- 

 nephrine, 962 



\ estibular mechanism, 1 295 



wakefulness and sleep, 1 287, 1 288 

 Reticulospinal tracts of Papez, auto- 

 nomic activity and, 956 

 Reticular system, thalamic: see Unspecitic 



thalamocortical projection system 

 Retina 



projection to cerebellum, 1 098 

 Rhinencephalon 



autonomic function and, 973 



cardio\ ascular control, 1 1 50 



critique of term, 1367 



functional difference from hypothala- 

 mus and brain stem, 1416 



reproductive behavior, 1 237 



sex behavior and, 1229 

 Righting reflexes 



see also Postural reflexes; Tonic neck 

 reflexes; Labyrinthine reflexes 



anatomic representation, 789 



midbrain animal and, 787 



