BIOLOGY AND NATURAL HISTORY 105 



when 1,504,311,700 menhaden were landed, a total of food fish of approxi- 

 mately 375,000 of other fish were caught with the menhaden, that is, if 

 alewives, which are not esteemed as a food fish and which are frequently- 

 reduced for their oil and meal or sold as bait, are not included. Of this 375,000 

 total, about 120,000 would be bluefish, 47,000 shad, and the remainder 

 butterfish, common mackerel, squeteague, Spanish mackerel, bonito, cero, etc. 

 Since a good many of the food fish, probably most of them, are eaten by the 

 crew, carried home or sold as food fish, there seems Httle to be alarmed about. 



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Bean, Tarleton H. 



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 Bigelow, Henry B., and William W. Welsh. 



1925. Fishes of the Gulf of Maine. Bull. U. S. Bur. Fish., Vol. XL, Pt. I, 

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1 94 1. Ecological relations between the herring and plankton off the north- 

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Goode, G. Brown. 



1879. The natural and economical history of the American menhaden. 

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 1877 (1879). Appendix A, xii + 529 p., 31 pis. 



1884. Food fishes of the United States. In Goode and associates (1884-87) 

 (which see below). Sec. I, Pt. Ill, p. 163-682 (menhaden p. 569-577). 



Goode, G. Brown (and a staff of associates). 



1884-87. The Fisheries and Fishery Industries of the United States. V 



