118. PRODUCTS OF CARBOHYDRATE METABOLISM: MOLDS (Continued) 



Metabolic Product 



Produced By 



IcL 



HE 



HE 



Organic Acids, Aldehydes, Alcohols and Related Compounds (cont'd) 



51 Gluconic acid 



}2 Glucose 

 55 Glucosone 



J'4 Glutaconlc acid 

 5; Glutaric acid 

 56 Glycerol 



57 Glycolic acid 

 56 Glycuronic acid 

 59 Glyoxyllc acid 



idl 2-Hydroxymethyl-fu*-ane-5- 



carboxylic acid 

 H Itaconlc acid 

 »3 Itatartaric acid 



T-Ketopentadecoic acid 



Kojic acid 



i' D-Lactic acid 



'*6 Malic acid 



i^ Malonic acid 

 Itq Mannitol 



^9 Hannonlc acid 



5d Mellein? (ochracin) 



51 Methyl glyoxal 



% Methyl salicylic acid 



5' r-Methyl tetronic acid 



^ Minioluteic acid** 



5; Hycophenolic acid 



5f Oxalic acid 



yi Palitantin 



5£ Penicilllc acldl 



55 Penici Ilium brevlcompactum 



acids: 1 

 5C Penicillium brevlcompactum 



acids: II 

 5l Penicillium brevlconpactun 



acids: HI 

 S£) Penicillium brevicampactum 



acids: IV 

 53 Propionic acid 

 si Pubeiullc acid5 



Si Puberulonic acid? 

 56 Pyruvic acid 



Penicillium chrysogenum, P. luteum, P. purpuro- 



genum, Aspergillus species, l-'usarium lini 



Bolley. 

 Aspergillus niger. From tartaric acid, lactic 



acid, mannitol and quinic acid. 

 Aspergillus parasiticus, 



A. f lavus . 



Aspergillus niger strains. 

 Aspergillus niger strains. 



Mucor racemosus, Aspergillus wentii , white Asper- 

 gilli, Clasterosporium and Heljiiintho&porium. 



Aspergillus niger (from acetate). 



Ustulina vulgaris. 



Aspergillus niger (from acetate), Merulius 



lachrymans . 

 Aspergillus glaucus, A. clavatus, A. niger , 



A. oryzae, A. wentii. 

 Aspergillus terreus, A. itaconicus. 

 Aspergillus terreus mutant. 

 Penicillium minlo luteum, P. spicullsporum. 

 Aspergillus flavus - oryzae - tamarii group, 



A. wentii. 

 Practically confined to Mucorales. Various 



Rhizopus species, i.e., R. stolonifer, oryzae, 



Japonicus, tritlci, arrhizus. Fumaric acid 



produced by altering conditions. 

 White species of Aspergillus, A. flavus, Clas- 

 terosporium sp. Accompanied by succinic and 



fumaric acids. 

 Penicillium funiculosum. 

 White species of Aspergillus, many Aspergilli, 



Byssochlamys fulva, Penicillium grlseofulvum. 



Hot produced from fructose. 

 Penicillium purparogenum var. rubrisclerotium. 



On D-mannose. 



Certain Aspergillus niger strains. On mannose. 



Certain A. niger strains. On galactose. 

 Aspergillus melleus, A. ochraceus. 

 Aspergillus niger. On hexosediphosphate. 

 Penicillium grlseofulvum, P. flexuosum. 

 Penicillium charlesii. 

 Penicillium minio-luteum 



Penicillium brevl-corapactum, P. stolonlfenmi. 

 Cltromyces, Aspergillus, Penicillium and many 



other genera. Can be produced more economi - 



cally by other methods. 

 Peniclllliim paiitans 



Penicillium cycloplum, P. puberulum, ABpergllll. 

 Penicillium brevi-conq>actum. 



Penicillium brevi-compactum, 



Penicillium brevi-coiiq}actuffl. 



Penicillium brevi-compactum. 



Botrytls clnerea. On lactate. 

 Penicillium puberulum. 



Penlcl}.llum puberulum. 



Aspergillus niger (In presence of sodium sulfite 

 as Interceptor) , Fusarla. 



Practically quantitative conver- 

 sion in 2k hours. 



85t from glucose. 

 13-175t from sucrose, maltose, 

 starch. 



Usually small amounts; some 



species, J^t of the glucose con- 

 sumed. 



Traces . 



Traces . 



As high as 50^ of theoretical yield 

 l.y^ of glucose added. 

 2.5^ of the glucose consumed. 

 '»5-55lt in 12 days. 65-6656 



reported. 

 Up to 62^ with R. oryzae, 59-'»OJt 



with R. Japonicus. 



Fair yields by submerged growths 

 when growing at low temperatures 



h^-'yO'f, of theory. 



9^ yield. 



70l> yield. 



High yield. 



500 mg/l of medium on sucrose. 



16^ of the substrate consumed. 



2.4$ of the glucose consumed. 



Up to 0.5251 of the sugar consumed. 



2.55t of the glucose consumed. 



0.955t of the glucose consumed. 



50^1 of the sugar consumed. 



About 1% of the glucose consumed. 

 k.2'f> of the glucose consumed. 

 0.95t of the sugar consumed. 



O.l^t of the sugar consumed. 



0.9^ of the sugar consumed. 



0.055( of the sugar consumed. 



0.66$ of the glucose consumed. 

 ( crude ) . 



8.2$ of the glucose consumed. 



/l/ Possesses antibiotic properties but is not in clinical use. /5/ Converted to methyl salicylic acid on KOH 

 fusion. /U/ Related to spicullsporic acid. /5/ Tropolone derivative. 



216 



