268 FROM FISH TO PHILOSOPHER 



glomerular longhom sculpin, M. octodecimspinosus, may 

 be less than i.o {115}, may similarly reflect increased 

 ingestion of sea water and increased excretion of mag- 

 nesium and sulfate. 



Our interpretation of the theater of evolution of the 

 teleosts differs from that of Romer, who beUeves that 

 the ancestors of the marine teleosts invaded the sea in 

 the Carboniferous and that the present fresh-water fishes 

 generally have reinvaded that medium in recent times 

 {15, p. 51; 42}. 



The Hterature on the osmotic relations of the teleosts 

 with respect to their environment is summarized by 

 Dakin {109, p. vii} and Prosser, et al. {54}. 



The migration of marine fishes into hard fresh-water 

 pools is discussed by Breder {104}. 



That goldfish ingest water in fresh water has been 

 demonstrated by Allee and Frank {100}, but the gold- 

 fish feeds on microscopic plants and animals, whereas 

 the eel and many other fresh-water fishes do not. 



IX. THE REPTILES AND BIRDS 



132. CouLSON, R. A., T. Hernandez, and F. G. Brazda. 

 Biochemical studies on the alligator. Proceedings 

 of the Society for Experimental Biology and Medi- 

 cine, 73: 203. 1950. 



133. Khalil, F. Excretion in reptiles. Journal of Bio- 

 logical Chemistry, 171: 611. 1947. 



134. MoYLE, V. Nitrogenous excretion in chelonian rep- 

 tiles. Bioc/iemicaZ/o«rnflZ, 44: 581. 1949. 



135. Romer, A. S. Origin of the amniote egg. Scientific 

 Monthly, 85: 57. 1957. 



The hterature on nitrogen excretion in the reptiles and 

 birds is summarized by Prosser et al. {54} and Smith 

 {62, p. 131, p. 524}, and new data have recently been 

 added by Moyle {134} and Khalil {133}. 



