a6o FROM FISH TO PHILOSOPHER 



several days would be required for this quantity of urine 

 to accumulate. This theory could be extended back to 

 all fishes that are not vigorous and continuous swimmers, 

 and thus would exclude the pelagic sharks (but not the 

 skates and rays), though it would not explain the ab- 

 sence of a bladder in the lungfishes. Consequently we 

 can only say that the evolution of a large urinary bladder 

 in the fishes remains a mystery. 



The record of salt-water frogs is that of Pearse {95}. 



VIII. THE BONY FISHES 



100. Allee, W. C, and p. Frank. Ingestion of colloidal 

 material and water by goldfish. Physiological Zool- 

 ogy, 21: 381. 1948. 



101. Berglund, F., and R. p. Forster. Renal tubular 

 transport of inorganic divalent ions by the aglo- 

 merular marine teleost, Lophius americanus. Jour- 

 nal of General Physiology, 41: 429. 1958. 



102. Bbeter, R. N. Further studies concerning the ac- 

 tion of diuretics upon the aglomerular kidney. 

 Journal of Pharmacology and Experimental Thera- 

 peutics, 49: 250. 1933. 



103. Bieter, R. N. The action of diuretics injected into 

 one kidney of the aglomerular toadfish. Journal of 

 Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, 53: 



347- 1935- 



104. Breder, C. M., Jr. Ecology of an oceanic fresh- 

 water lake, Andros Island, Bahamas, with special 

 reference to its fishes. Zoologica, 18: 57. 1934. 



105. Burns, J., and D. E. Copeland. Chloride excret- 

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 cUtus. Biological Bulletin, 99: 381. 1950. 



106. Clarke, R. W. The xylose clearance of Myoxo- 

 cephalus octodecimspinosus under normal and di- 

 uretic conditions. Journal of Cellular and Compara- 

 tive Physiology, 5: 73. 1934. 



