INDEX 



291 



Pteranodon, 128 

 Pteraspida, 28, 53 f. 

 Pterodactyls, 127-28 

 Pterygotus buffaloensis, 28 



RachmaninoflE, Sergei, 208 

 Radioactivity, sf. 

 Radioactive isotopes, ratio, 5 

 Rectal gland, elasmobranch, 



65, 249 

 Renal function, history, 165, 



244-45, 273 

 Renal-portal system, 42 f ., 



109. SEE ALSO Figure 5 

 Renal tubule in aglomenilar 



fishes, 109-10 

 Reproduction, sexual, 12, 16 

 Reptiles, and Birds, 117 

 bibliography, 268 

 evolution, Figure 9 

 marine, 126, 172-73, 270 

 nitrogen excretion, 269-71 

 Triassic, 126 

 Revolutions, geologic, 8 

 Richards, A. N., 47 

 Rocky Mountains, 8, 137, 



179 

 Romer, A. S., 28 

 Rubinstein, Artur, 208 



Saint-Hilaire, G., 24 

 Salamanders, 94 

 Salmon {Salmo), 114 

 Salt, conservation, 32-33 



excretion by gills, 41 

 Salt gland in marine reptiles, 



172 f. 

 Salt glands, see Rectal gland 



and Nasal glands 

 Salt, secretion in elasmo- 



branchs, 65 



in marine birds, 166-72 

 in marine reptiles, 172-74 

 Salt and water, 32, 33 

 'Salt and Water' (poem), 33 

 Salt and water, reabsorption 



by renal tubules, 144 

 Saperton, David, 206 f., 211 

 Sawfish (Pristis microdon), 



68 f. 

 Schmidt-Nielsen, K., 166, 



168, 170, 172-73 

 Schumann C Major Toccata, 



Op. 7, 208 

 Scorpions, 28, 58, 85 

 Sculpin ( Myoxocephalus ) , 



105, inf., 114 

 Sea horse, 106 

 Sea-snake (Pelamis), 172-73 

 Sea water, Cambrian, 29 



human consumption, 174 

 Seals, 162 

 'Self,' 217 



Sense organs, distance, 54 

 Seymouria, 93 f. 

 Shagreen, 62 



Sharks, see Elasmobranchs 

 Sherrington, Sir Charles S., 



199 f., 217, 278 

 Sierra Nevada, 137 

 Silurian, 55, 58 

 Simpson, G. G., 15, 17 f., 175 

 Simpson s alphabet analogy, 



Figure 3 

 Simpson's law, 181 

 Sinanthropus, 182 

 Skates, see Elasmobranchs 

 Sleep, 201 f. 



lungfish, 78 

 Smell, importance, 176 f. 

 and consciousness, 280 

 Smith, J. L. B., 90 



