TECHNICAL NOTES AND BIBLIOGRAPHY 2/3 



Data on renal function in a variety of mammals, in- 

 cluding man, are summarized by Smith {62, p. 529, 138}, 

 and certain aspects of the history of the anatomy and 

 physiology of the kidney have recently been reviewed 

 elsewhere {140, 141}. 



The role of the loop of Henle in concentrating the 

 urine has been treated very briefly in this book, but a 

 detailed discussion and history of the subject is readily 

 available {139}. The pore' theory of the action of ADH 

 in the mammahan nephron was advanced independently 

 by Wirz and Sawyer {96}. 



The power of osmotic concentration is slightly de- 

 veloped in the birds, but not nearly to the extent to 

 which it is developed in the mammals {62, p. 525}. The 

 slight qualitative similarity probably reflects the coin- 

 cidence of homeothermy and the selective pressure of 

 aridity in both groups. The birds had less reason to evolve 

 the mammalian type of kidney: their problem of water 

 conservation had been solved for them by their reptihan 

 ancestors in the excretion of uric acid; the mammals, 

 excreting their nitrogen as soluble urea, had to develop 

 a concentrating kidney or remain at a great disadvantage 

 in water economy. 



XI. ANIMALS THAT LIVE WITHOUT WATER 



143. Adolph, E. F. (and associates). Physiology of 

 Man in the Desert. Interscience Pubhshers, Inc., 

 New York, 1947. 



144. Babcock, S. M. Metabolic water: Its production 

 and role in vital phenomena. Research Bulletin No. 

 22, 2Qth Annual Report^ Agricultural Experiment 

 Station, University of Wisconsin, 1912. 



145. Bradley, S. W., and R. J. Bing. Renal function in 

 the harbor seal (Phoca vitulina L. during asphyxial 

 ischemia and pyrogenic hyperemia). Journal of 

 Cellular and Comparative Physiology, 19: 229. 

 1942. 



