CONTENTS 



PREFACE page 5 



INTRODUCTION 1 1 



THE NORTHERN SEAS OF THE U.S.S.R. 



1. GENERAL CHARACTERISTICS OF THE 

 NORTHERN SEAS 27 



I. Hydrological conditions 27 

 п. General characteristics of the fauna of the eastern 



sector of the Arctic basin 39 



in. Zoogeographical zonation of the Arctic region 64 

 iv. Typology of the bodies of water of the Arctic basin 



and the northern Atlantic 68 



2. THE BARENTS SEA 72 



I. History of exploration 73 

 п. Physics, geography, hydrology, hydrochemistry 



and geology 76 



ш. Flora and fauna: general characteristics 9 1 



3. THE WHITE SEA 179 



I. General characteristics 179 



и. History of exploration 1 80 

 in. Physical geography, hydrology, hydrochemistry 



and geology 1 8 1 



iv. Flora and fauna 193 



4. THE KARA SEA 220 



I. General characteristics 229 



n. History of exploration 221 

 m. Physical geography, hydrology and hydrochemistry 222 



IV. Flora and fauna 231 



5. THE LAPTEV SEA 255 



i. History of exploration 255 



и. Physical geography 255 



m. Flora and fauna 257 



6. THE CHUKOTSK SEA 261 



i. Situation and history of exploration 261 



H. Physical geography 261 



in. Flora and fauna 264 



