added instead. A good illustration of this can be found in the papers of 

 E. Gurjanova and P. Ushakov on the fauna of Chernaya Guba in the Novaya 

 Zemlya (1928), of E. Gurjanova on the fauna of the Cheshskaya Guba (1929) 

 and of P. Ushakov on the Matochkin Shar (1931). 



The Chernaya Guba fauna has a sharply pronounced Arctic character, but 

 side by side with it a whole series of boreal and warm-water forms have been 

 discovered. These latter include Acmaea rubella, Hydrobia ulrae, Rissoa acu- 

 leus, Littorina rudis, Cuthona distans, Corophium conelli and some others. Of 

 the Arctic forms the most characteristic are: among the molluscs Venus 

 fluctuosa, Pandora glacialis, among the polychaetes Harmothoe impar, 

 Axionice flexuosa, Castalia arctica, among the crustaceans Acanthostepheia 

 ma/mgreni, Gammar acanthus loricatus, Orchomene tschernyschevi, Socarnes 

 bidenticulateus. 



Table 57 (p. 145) gives the composition and distribution of the fauna of the 

 Chernaya Guba in its main sectors. 



Some warmth-loving forms can find conditions suitable for their existence 

 in some other parts of the Barents Sea. Cheshskaya Guba, for instance, is one 

 of them. In winter, it is true, Cheshskaya Guba undergoes long and severe 

 spells of cold weather, but in the summer the whole column of water is heated, 

 sometimes to 14° at a depth of 10 to 15 m, and to 5° at a depth of 38 m. 

 Evidently a number of forms can endure severe winter conditions, if in 

 summer time a temperature high enough for breeding is attained at least 

 for a short period. Among them we may point out Buccinium undatum, 

 Neptunea despecta typica, Acmaea testudinalis, Lacuna divarivata, Littorina 

 palliata, Modiola modiolus, Mytilus edulis, Eumida sanguinea, Castalia 

 punctata, Syllis armillaris, Balanus crenatus Apherusa tridentata, and Erialus 

 gaimardi gaimardi. 



Some of these forms have possibly already broken away from their basic 

 habitat and can be considered as warm-water relicts in the Cheshskaya Guba. 



Similar phenomena are known for the inhabitants of the White Sea. 



E. Gurjanova's indication (1929) of a whole series of high Arctic forms which 

 do not visit the Cheshskaya Guba (Acanthostepheia malmgreni, Synidothea 

 bicuspida, Anonyx nugax, Neptunea despecta v. borealis, Buccinium glaciate, 



