242 BIOLOGY OF THE SEAS OF THE U.S.S.R. 



groenlandicum, P. imbrifer, Lima hyperborea, Area glacialis, Axinus {Thyasira 

 flexuosus), Saxicava arctica, crustaceans Mesidothea sabini, M. sabini robusta, 

 M. sibirica, Calathura robusta, Munnopsis typica, Anonyx nugax, Acantho- 

 stepheia malmgreni, Hetairus polar is, Eualus gaimardi, Sabinea septemcarinata, 

 Hegocephalus infiatus, Haploops tubicola, Paroediceros lynceus, Arrhis phy- 

 lonyx, the worms Onuphis conchilega, Pista maculata, Pectinaria hyperborea, 

 Apomatus globifer, Nereis zonata, Nephthys malmgreni, Terebellides stromi, 

 and the pyenogenids Nymphon robustum, N. spinosum var. hirtipes, N. sluiteri 

 and N. stromi gracillipes, the echinoderms Ophioscoles glacialis, Ophiocantha 

 bidentata, Ophiocten sericeum, Ophiopleura borealis, Stegophiura nodosa, 

 Pontaster tenuispinus, Ctenodiscus crispatus, Myriotrochus rincki, Trocho- 

 stoma arctica and Trochoderma elegans, Gorgonocephalus arcticus, Helio- 

 metra glacialis and Poliometra prolixa. 



Moreover in the off-shore, mainly southernly, more shallow part of the Sea 

 the following are preponderant : Portlandica arctica, P. fraterna, Macoma 

 calcarea, M. baltica and M. moesta, Astarte borealis and A. montagui, Mesi- 

 dothea sibirica, while in the depths Portlandia frigida, Astarte acuticosta and 

 A. crenata, Pecten groenlandicus, Ophiopleura borealis and Poliometra prolixa 

 are more significant. 



The bays and inlets of the southern part of the Sea, which receive the inflow 

 of rivers from the mainland, give shelter to an abundant brackish- water fauna, 

 which here represents the basic part of the community. Marine and fresh- 

 water euryhaline forms are mingled with it. Thus, for example, according to 

 A. Probatov's data (1934) from the Kara Inlet (southwestern shore of Bay- 

 daratskaya Inlet) the proportions of the 25 species of fish present are as 

 given in Table 105. 



Table 105 



No. of 

 Group fish species Percentage 



Typically fresh-water fishes 2 8 



Of a brackish relict aspect (Salmoni- 



dae, Coregonidae, Osmeridae, goby, 



Gadidae, stickleback) 16 64 



Marine euryhaline fishes 7 28 



Among the invertebrates a whole community of the brackish-water relicts 

 is found here in large numbers, first of all the crustaceans Limnocalanus 

 grimaldi, Mysis oculata, M. relicta, Mesidothea entomon glacialis, Ponto- 

 poreia affinis, Pseudalibrotus birulai, Gammar acanthus loricatus lacustris, 

 Oediceros minor, Monoculodes minutus, Acanthostepheia incarinata and 

 Brandtia fasciatoides. 



All these relict crustaceans provide abundant food for fish, which are also 

 relict. Whereas the Ob-Yenisey waters, spreading over the surface of the south 

 of the Kara Sea, at times carry members of fresh-water plankton far to the 

 north, and still farther north the brackish- water community (Fig. 100), so 



