THE BALTIC SEA 



289 



names of the zoologists S. Loven, M. Sars and S. Ekman, the botanists 

 Sernander and L. Post, the geologists G. De-Geer, A. Hogbom, G. Munthe, 

 V. Ramsay, M. Sauramo, N. Jakovlev and others. The first ideas on this sub- 

 ject were due to the Swedish zoologist S. Loven (1839 and 1864) and to the 

 Norwegian zoologist M. Sars (1865). 



Evolution of the Baltic Sea 



According to the latest data the history of the Baltic Sea can be set down in 

 the form of Table 122. 



Table 122 



Fluctuations of sea-level and alterations of climate 



Marked climatic fluctuations correspond to considerable changes both in the 

 sea-level and in the location of the dry land. In southern Finland traces of the 

 level of the Baltic ice lake (also known as Rybnoe Lake) are found at 150 m, 

 and of the Yoldian Sea at 90 m above the present sea-level (Sauramo). The 

 curves for the eustatic fluctuations of the sea-level (according to Antew) 

 are given in Fig. 135 (these fluctuations are caused by the change in the 

 volume of water in the ocean, as a result, for instance, of the accumulation 

 or melting of ice on the mainland or islands during the Ice Age at the time of 

 climatic changes). It is apparent that the accumulation of continental ice in 



