THE BLACK SEA 

 Table 188 



461 



DETRITUS 



MICRO-ORGANISMS 



n 



PHYTOPLANKTON 



Ш 



ZOOPLANKTON 



Engraulis, Spratella, Clupeonetla, Syngnatus schmidti, Sanlinella 

 Pisces juvenes spp. 



kk H 



Caspialosa, Scomber, Belone 



i ; ТЧ.ГТГ" 



Pelamvs. Pan 



У 



tomato miis 



Sadus, Trachitrus 



Delphinus, Phocaena \ 



Tursiops 



Scorpaena, Gobius, 



Uranoscopus, Trachinus, Serranus, 



Lophius 



(passive carnivore) 



S 



Mullus, Pleuronectes, Sotea, 



Corvina, Umbrina, Ammodhes, Gobius, 



Smarts, Motella, Callionymus, 



Ophidian, Syngnathus 



A canthias, Acipenser, 



Huso, Bothus, Raja, Trigon, 



Trigla, Labrax 



(active carnivore) 



Mugil, Atherina, 



Labridae, Blennius, Sargus, 



Charax, Heliastes 



ZE 



ZOOBENTHOS 



HI 



PHYTOBENTHOS 



I u 



SOILS, DETRITUS, PRODUCTS OF DECOMPOSITION, BACTERIA 



crustaceans. The food of the hardtail, like that of the mackerel, consists of 

 approximately half fish and half crustaceans. 



Apart from the pelagic carnivores one may distinguish a group of bottom- 

 living carnivores : flatfish, Acanthias and some beluga, sturgeon and others. 

 There is a large number of small fish among the benthophages, representative 

 of Grenilabrus, Ophidon and Mullus genera, partly sturgeon, beluga, and 

 starred sturgeon. Finally, some fish feed on detritus deposited on the bottom, 

 and on members of the microbenthos. Among them grey mullet may be 

 named. 



V. Wodjanitzky (1941) notes that among the Black Sea fish there are fewer 

 benthophages than planktophages ; benthophages are richer in number of 

 species and are of secondary importance in fishing, except for sturgeon and 



