834 BIOLOGY OF THE SEAS OF THE U.S.S.R. 



annually (monocyclic), but in the southwestern part of the Sea the copepod 

 stages of the second generation appear in Calanus tonsus in the autumn. 

 Metridia pacifica produces several generations (up to four) during the summer. 

 A. Heinrich (1956) gives an estimate of the annual production of the main 

 species of Copepoda from data on the cycle of their development {Table 326). 



Table 326. Annual production of Copepoda in the Bering Sea, g/m 2 , down to 500 m 



As shown by a comparison of these data with those on phytoplankton 

 production (A. Heinrich, 1960) the production of Copepoda is 1/12 to 1/19 of 

 phytoplankton production in the western regions of the Bering Sea, and only 

 1/200 of that in the northern regions. 



Benthos 



The species of coastal macrophytes of the Bering Sea are less varied than those 

 of the Sea of Okhotsk (301 species) and still less than those of the Sea of 

 Japan (379 species). A list of them contains only 138 species (25 green, 46 

 brown and 67 red). However if the Komandorski Islands are included the 

 variety of sea- weeds is greatly increased. One hundred and seventy-one species 

 of macrophytes have been recorded off the coast of these islands, especially 

 off their southern side. There are huge forests of immense Alaria (reaching to 

 10 to 15 m in length) and Nereocystis luetkeane in the deepest places. Sea- 

 weed growths give shelter to a rich fauna. 



An elaborate investigation of the zoobenthos of the Bay of Anadyr was 

 carried out by N. Vinogradova (1954). 



The Bay of Anadyr is the coldest place in the Bering Sea (the Anadyr cold 

 patch) ; only the waters of its western coast are somewhat warmed by small 

 branches of warm currents entering it. Like Shelekhov Bay, the Bay of Anadyr 

 has a quantitatively very rich fauna, on the average 426-5 g/m 3 , and is similar 

 to the former in number and variety of species. The bottom biocoenoses of 

 the Bay of Anadyr are more varied than those of Shelekhov Bay ; moreover, 

 they have a circular distribution (Fig. 424). The most characteristic biocoe- 

 noses are common to both bays. Fouling fauna (epifauna) develops intensely 

 on the rocks and cliffs along the shores. It is composed of Balanus balanus, 

 B. crenatus, B. rostratus dalli ; the Porifera Phakellia sp. ; the Bryozoa 

 Myriozown sp., Membranipora fiustra and others ; the Ascidia Boltenia ovifera, 

 B. echinata and Tethyum aurantium. Starfish (Leptasterias polar is and others), 



