712 



BIOLOGY OF THE SEAS OF THE U.S.S.R. 



The research done by the Galathea is particularly significant, since it 

 covered the deep waters of the whole tropical zone of the Ocean. This team 

 surveyed the greatest depth of the Ocean and their collections offish and other 

 bottom-living fauna are of great value. The Galathea collections have en- 

 riched our knowledge with the description of many new animal forms, of 

 which some (for instance Neopilina) are of exceptional importance. The 

 Vityaz survey was concentrated mainly in the northwestern part of the Pacific 

 Ocean. It was therefore carried out in a most detailed manner, attention 

 being directed chiefly to the changes of biological phenomena in a meridional 



200 

 500 



Fig. 343. Vertical distribution of collection from Vityaz 



gathered by trawling (7) and by bottom grab (2) through 



the cross section of the Kuril-Kamchatka trench, 1949 



to 1955. /to V— Vertical zones, see Table 289. 



direction, and vertically — from the surface to the greatest depths. The Vityaz 

 and Ob explorations made it possible to draw a picture of the meridional 

 changes of phenomena (geographical zonation) from the Bering Strait to 

 Antarctic waters, and to obtain quantitative indices for pelagic and bottom 

 life, which is of particular importance. The Kuril-Kamchatka trench was 

 explored in great detail (Fig. 343). 



Many new species and groups of deep-water animals were found in the 

 Vityaz collections, among them the large new group of Pogonophora (Fig. 

 337). 



Quantitative indices for the trawling collection were also obtained by means 

 of the trawl-graph. Grab samples down to more than 7 km were obtained — 

 trawls reached the greatest depths of the trenches. 



The vertical zonality of the distribution of life had to be reconsidered 

 owing to the intensive development of the investigation of the whole water 



