H. BARNES 



OCEANOGRAPHY AND MARINE BIOLOGY 



A BOOK OF TECHNIQUES 



The sea covers some seven-tenths of the earth's surface. It is not therefore 

 surprising that practically every science, zoology, chemistry, geology, physics, 

 etc., contributes to its study and yet many of the problems of technique are 

 peculiar to oceanography. Dr. Barnes describes comprehensively the ingenious 

 instruments and the careful methods by which we obtain our knowledge of 

 the sea. First, he deals with our methods of sampling the living organisms — the 

 free living plants and animals and those inhabiting the sea-bed. Methods of 

 taking bottom cores and of using nets, pumps, trawls, dredges and grabs are 

 all carefully set out. Then follows a section on the properties of the water itself 

 — temperature, salinity and currents. The older standard instruments are 

 described and particular attention is given to new techniques — the bathy- 

 thermograph, for instance. 



The early explorers of the seas noticed underwater noise in 1807 — but only 

 recently has the noise originating from marine animals been investigated. Both 

 this and its converse — the use of sound waves — are dealt with, the latter including 

 an account of the construction and working of modern echo-sounders and their 

 use in biological problems. 



The most spectacular of modern developments — underwater photography 

 and television — he has left for the last section. These techniques which allow 

 observations to be made on the natural conditions will certainly prove of 

 increasing importance. Aerial photography has a growing contribution to make 

 to oceanography and is included here. 



Demy 8vo. 355. net 



APPARATUS AND METHODS OF 

 OCEANOGRAPHY 



The past few years have seen greatly increased activity in the fields of oceano- 

 graphy and marine biology. Not only have the personnel and existing institutions 

 been expanded but new centres of activity have been and still are being set up. 

 No compilation of the methods and techniques in these fields is available ; they 

 are scattered throughout the literature. It will be of considerable value to a large 

 number of people in the new centres of activity and in the older expanding 

 institutions to have an up-to-date and comprehensive handbook. This book, 

 which is being sponsored by the Union Geodesique et Geophysique Inter- 

 nationale, is intended to fill that gap. 



It is intended as a working text and reference handbook for departments of 

 oceanography and marine biology. There are many new institutions with simple 

 equipment and also many established stations with only relatively limited 

 facilities; this has been borne in mind in writing the book. The simpler and 

 better-known methods have therefore been fully explained. Attention is also 

 drawn to the more complicated and involved methods, the use of which will 

 lead to more rapid progress. 



Volume I consists of chemical methods and the author has had experience of 

 many of those described. In addition, critical comments have been included 

 from the leading specialists in this field in Europe and America. 



Demy 8vo. Illustrated. 35s. net 



