739 



cardiac hemodynamics and, 722 

 factors determining direction, 462 

 heart interior in, 464 

 heart murmurs and, 722 

 hemodynamic findings, 461 

 indicator-dilution curves in, 463 

 mitral stenosis and, 473 

 pressure gradient at pulmonary valve 



and, 462 

 pulmonary blood How in, 461 



pulmonary artery pressure and, 461 

 pulmonary stenosis and, 473 



arterial oxygen saturation in, 474 



arterial systolic pressures in, 474 



hemodynamics, 473, 474 

 shunt and blood flow in, 461 

 tricuspid stenosis and, 474 

 valvular stenosis and, 473 

 Atrioventricular conduction 

 accessory pathway for, 290 

 alternate pathways, 298 

 anatomy, 289 

 A-V block, ECG in, 368 

 A-V node and, 287 



delay, 294 



electrode recording, 299 



intracellular records, 295 



potentials, 295, 297 



transmembrane action potentials 

 and, 297 

 bundle of Kent, 299 

 characteristics, 298 

 description, 294 

 distribution of left bundle, 289 

 dual system, 299 

 ECG from various sites, 296 

 echo phenomenon, 299 

 potential shape, 298 

 vagal stimulation, 297 

 velocity, 296 



in common bundle, 300 



theories, 298 

 veratrum alkaloids and, 180 

 Atrioventricular defects 

 heart murmurs and, 723 

 persistent common, characterization, 



421 

 Atrioventricular valves 

 assessment of stenosis, 7 1 3 

 first heart sound and, 699 

 hemodynamics of, 7 1 2 

 insufRciency 



intracardiac phonocardiogram of, 730 



murmur due to, 716, 717 

 mitral stenosis, 7 1 3 

 opening snap of, 712 

 stenosis 



heart sounds, 7 1 9 



murmurs, 718 

 see also names of valves 

 Atrium: see Atria; Atrium, left; Atrium, 



right 

 Atrium, left 



pressure 



cardiac output and, 664 



in aortic and mitral regurgitation, 

 661 



in mitral insufficiency, 652 



in mitral regurgitation, 665 



in mitral stenosis, 652, 663 



in pulmonary arterial wedge pres- 

 sure, 650, 651 



in pulmonary vascular resistance, 

 459. 671 



in ventricular septal defects, 459 

 cardiometry and, 454 

 pressiue pulse, 649 



normal, 650 



valvular defects and, 653 

 pulse contour, in mitral regurgitation, 



449 



pulse pressure 



m mitral stenosis, 448 

 norepinephrine and, 654 

 Atrium, right 



blood oxygen saturation in, 440 



pressure in, 461 

 in man, 440 

 in ventricular septal defect, 453 



pressure pulse, in tricuspid stenosis, 655 



pulse pressure 



compared to left, 655 

 in pulmonary stenosis, 655 

 in tricuspid valve deformities and, 

 670 



tricuspid incompetence, 655 

 Atropine 



block of vagal stimulation, 522 

 Autonomic nerves 



cardiac, stimulation, 518 



innervation 

 ECG and, 388 

 heart rate as indicator, 388 



stimulation 



atrium and, 513 



LVED and left atrial pressure, 575 



mitral valve closure and, 517 



see also Stellate ganglion; Vagus nerve; 

 Cardiac sympathetic nerve; Sym- 

 pathetic nerve 

 Autoreguiation: see Heart; Atria; Ven- 

 tricles 



Ballistocardiogram 



arterial recoil forces, 563 

 factors delaying or reducing, 563 

 forces required at systolic ejection, 564 

 relation to cardiac ejection, 563 

 stroke volume and, 562, 565 



Barium 



action potential and, 1 72 

 cardiac contractility, 172 



Barium titanate crystals 



ultrasonic flowmeters and, 556 



Barometric pressure 

 blood \'olume and, 56 



Basal metabolic rate 



blood volume and, 52, 54 

 Battersby, E. J. 



Technical aspects of the study of car- 

 diovascular sound, 681-694 

 Bayliss, L. E. 



Rheology of blood, 137-150 

 Beriberi 



cardiac metabolism in, 223-224 

 congestive heart failure and, 223 

 Bile 



dye removal in, 38 

 Bioelectrical potentials 

 calcium and, 166 

 ion concentrations and, 159 

 Nernst equation and, 159 

 Birds 



QRS deflection in, 401 

 Bleeding: see Hemorrhage 

 Blood 



drawn, cell: plasma ratio, 29-30 



gases, methods of determination, 425 



inhomogeneity of, 596-597 



labeling, 40-42 



oxygen saturation, in heart chambers 



and vessels, 440 

 pressure-flow relation calculated and 



observed, 144 

 transfusion, blood volume and, 58 

 velocity, definition, 585 

 viscosity, 144 



dynamic elasticity of vessels and, 

 1 18-120 



in very small tubes, 144 



of suspensions, 1 40-1 41 



temperature and, 141 

 Blood cells 

 erythrocytes 



carbon dioxide pressure and, 30 



hematocrit and, 30 



motion in blood flow, 147 

 labeled, mixing, 27 



distribution volume, 26 



flow dilution curve, 25 



volume, man, 31 



volume, monkey, 32 

 labeling, 40-42 



ratio to plasma, in drawn blood, 29 

 sequestration of, 28 

 Blood flow 



anomalous properties, 147-148 

 calculation of, 426 



from plasma flow, 596 

 concentration of dye at outflow as 



function of time, 587-588 

 definition, 585 

 effect of shearing, 1 43 

 in model and real vascular systems, 594 

 in tubes, 138-140 



kinetic energy correction, 139 

 in very small tubes, 144-147 

 in well-defined systems, 585 

 laminar, 140 



