744 



HANDBOOK OF PHYSIOLOGY 



CIRCULATION I 



potassium and, 251 

 ionic repolarization, 271 

 sodium and, 250 



slope 



current and, 267 

 in heart, 266 



sodium and potassium, 25! 

 Congenital cardiovascular defects 



abnormalities of position, 423 



anatomy of, 418-423 



angiocardiograpiiy and, 437 



arterial indicator-dilution curves, 431 



atresia of intracardiac valves, 42 1 



conduction defects, 422 



determination of blood gases, 425 



Fick procedure in, 570 



hemodynamic alterations, 441-479 



indicator-dilution curves, 428 



interatrial communications, 420 



intracardiac 

 anomalies, 420 

 catheterization, 424 

 phonocardiogram of, 731 



methods of study, 423-437 



pressure recording, 424 



types of, 418-423 



vaKular deformities without septal 

 defects, 444 



see also names of defects 

 Connective tissue 



calcium partition in, 168 

 Constrictive pericarditis 



heart sounds and, 7 1 1 

 Contractile models 



digitalis and, 183 

 Contractility; see Cardiac muscle con- 

 tractility; Ventricular contractility 

 Cor triatriatum 



characterization of, 419 

 Cor triloculare biatriatum 



definition, 420 

 Coronary atherosclerosis 



hypoxia and, 221 

 Coronary blood flow 



aortic regurgitation and, 660 



aortic stenosis and, 657 



defects, heart murmurs and, 723 



ventricular contractility and, 493 



ventricular function curves, 495 

 Corvisart's disease 



definition, 420 

 Creatine phosphate 



in cardiac muscle, 2 1 4 



formula, 215 

 Creatinine 



plasma concentration ciuves, 639 

 Critical closing pressure 



active, 100 



tension and, 98 



physiological range, 101 



residual, loi 



"unwettability" and, loi 



spasm and, 99 



verification, 99 



vessels affected, 100 

 Critical pressure 



relief of spasm by, 1 00 

 Cyanosis 



acidosis and, 479 



arterial oxygen saturation and, 476 



in pulmonary stenosis, 669 



kinds, 476 

 Cytochromes 



aj, in heart, 229 



aj3, in skeletal muscle, 229 



f, in heart, 229 



c, in skeletal muscle, 229 



Damping constant 



measurement, 116 

 Decibel 



definition, 683 



reference levels, 683 

 Depolarization 



calcium and, 166, 170 



cardiac glycosides and, 188 



see also Cardiac electrophysiology; Ven- 

 tricular electrophysiology 

 Deuterium 



distribution in body, 620 

 Dextran 



antigenic properties, 70 



as plasma expander, 64 



bacterial production of, 64 



blood constituents and, 74, 75 



cardiac output and, 77, 664 



early use, 63 



edema production and, 70, 76 



excretion of, 68 



fate of, 67 



hemodynamic effects, 76 



hemostasis and, 72 



inhibition of threone, 73 



intestinal Hora and, 68 



metabolism of, 67-68 



platelet activity and, 73 



viscosity, 65 

 Dextrocardia 



characterization, 423 

 Diabetes mellitus 



cardiac glycogen and, 209 



cardiac metabolism and, 224 

 Diastole 



arterial pressures in, 560 



pressure in aortic regurgitation, 448 



left ventricular end pressure: see LVED 

 pressure 

 Diastolic heart beat 



definition, 7 1 1 

 Diencephalon 



cardiac control and, 546 

 Digitalis bodies 



actomyosin and, 183 



adenosine triphosphate and, 182 



ATPase activity, 183 



Bowditch staircase and, 175 



cardiac contractility and, 182 



cardiac metabolism and, 182 



cardiac output and, 664 



contractile models and, 183 



intracellular cations and, 162 



muscle enzymes and, 183 



muscle proteins and, 183 



potassium movement and, 160 



ventricular function curve and, 492 



see also Cardiac glycosides 

 Diphosphopyridine nucleotide 



in cardiac muscle, 2 1 1 

 Dipole field 



cardiac muscle fiber and, 326 



fiber, cancellation of, 358 



infinite, zero area, 328 



limited homogeneous activity in, 328 



movement along fiber, 347 

 Dissociation: see Heart beat, dissociation 

 Dog 



cardiovascular function, 538 



electrocardiographic data, 402 



hematocrit, 32 



pattern of excitation of ventricular 

 surface, 301 



plasma volume, 33 



pulmonary circulation, blood volume 

 data, 33 



QRS deflection in, 401 



ventricular excitation in, 304, 312 



\olume pressure relationship in ar- 

 teries, 558-559 

 DPN: see Diphosphopyridine nucleotide 

 Drainage volume 



of arterial bed, 560 

 Drugs 



heart murmurs and, 725 

 Dvnamic elasticity 



model for, 1 1 1 

 Dynamic modulus 



effect of stretching rubber on, 1 13 



elasticity versus frequency, 1 1 5 



equation of, 112 



of dog aorta, as function of initial ex- 

 tension, 1 13 



Ebstein's malformation 



description, 474 



hemodynamics, 475 

 Eisenmenger syndrome 



definition, 461 



description, 453, 460 



pulmonary hypertension in, 460 

 Ejection 



definition, 3 

 Ejection sound 



definition, 713 

 Elastance 



collagen fibers and, 94 

 Elastic tissue 



