INDEX 



757 



Vasodilatation 



metabolic and neurogenic origin, 4 

 Vasomotor tone: iee Tension, active 

 Vector analysis : see Electrocardiography 

 Veins 



pulsation in, 564 

 tension in walls, 91 

 Velocity gradient 

 definition, 137 

 Vena cava 



inferior, blood oxygen satiuation in, 440 



pressure, in man, 440 



superior, blood oxygen, saturation of, 



440 

 tension in walls, 91 

 \'olume-pressinT curves, 92 

 Venoarterial shunts 



arterial oxygen saturation in, 477 

 CO2 elimination and, 479 

 Venous anomalies 



characterization of, 419 

 Venous pressure 



factors affecting, 6 

 Venous return 



augmentation of, 9 

 importance, 8-9 

 Ventricle, left 



adult, curvature of, 1 02 



cavity area, stroke volume and, 567 



diameter, monitoring, 536 



dynamics in mitral incompetence, 666 



end diastolic pressure, see LVED 



in aortic regiugitation, 448 



increased contractility, definition, 534 



pressure, mitral regurgitation, 665 



pressure pulse 



in aortic stenosis, 657-658 

 in mitral stenosis, 448 

 normal, 650 

 pressure volume curves, 568 

 stroke work, mitral regurgitation and, 

 666 

 Ventricle, right 



blood oxygen saturation in, 440 

 hypertrophy, 655 

 pressure in, 461 



events following increase, 450 



in atrial septal defect and pulmonary 



stenosis, 474 

 in man, 440 



in pulmonary stenosis, 474 

 in ventricular septal defect and pul- 

 monary stenosis, 471 

 with tetralogy of Fallot, 472 

 Ventricles 



boundary between active and resting 



muscle, 313 

 calcium and, 161, 169 

 cardiac autonomic ner\e stimulation 



and, 518 

 cardiac sympathetic nerve stimula- 

 tion, 503 



diameter 



brain stimulation and, 546 

 posture and, 540, 541, 543 

 dimensions during exertion, 544 

 efferent \'agal ner\'e stimulation and, 



end diastolic pressure-length relation, 



506-507 

 filling of, 7 



heterometric autoregulation, 490 

 homeometric autoregulation, 492 



aortic pressure and, 493 



heart rate and, 497 



ionic concentration changes, 499 



norepinephrine, 499 



significance of, 501 



stroke volume and, 498 



tension time index, 498 

 left stellate ganglion stimulation, 



505-506 

 mechanical latencies, 384 

 outflow, monitoring, 536 

 performance, oxygen availability and, 



501 

 pressure 



diastolic knock and, 71 i 



myocardial segment length and, 507, 

 508 



valve closure and, 7 1 1 

 pressure-length curve, 502 

 Purkinje fiber penetration, 303 

 Purkinje fibers of, 289 

 radii of curvature, 88 

 stellate ganglion stimulation and, 506- 



507 

 vectorial analysis, 365 

 Ventricular contractility 

 characteristics of, 535-538 

 definition, 490 



efferent vagus stimulation and, 512 

 epinephrine and, 537 

 generic or specific, 538 

 increased 



characteristics of, 538 



functional description of, 537 

 method of analysis, 535 

 see nlso C^ardiac contractility 

 Ventricular contraction 

 catecholamines and, 508 

 premature 



heart murmurs and, 726, 727 



heart sounds and, 726 

 synchronicity of, 509 

 tension in, 238 

 Ventricular electrophysiology ; see Cardiac 



electrophysiology 

 Ventricular excitation 



complete left bundle branch block, 3 1 3 



fibrillation and, 316 



gradient 



basic assumptions, 356 



interpretation, 354 



physiology of, 356 



reasons for, 357 



relation to QRS and T waves, 357 



T wave and, 365 

 in dog, 307 



in ungulate heart, 312 

 map of, 307 

 of surface, 301 



direction of movement, 352 

 of walls, 302 

 pathways of, 355 

 pattern, 306, 350 

 phases of, 311 



Purkinje libel's and, 307-308 

 QRS complex, 309 

 repolarization, 3 1 1 



propagation, 3 1 1 



T wave and, 3 1 1 

 right bundle branch block and, 313 

 spread of, 300 



two and three dimensions, 306 

 velocities of, 308 

 Ventricular failure 

 aortic lesions and, 661 

 gallop sound, 71 1 

 pulmonary pressure and, 661 

 Ventricular fimction curves 

 aortic pressure and, 495 

 atrial systole and, 502 

 coronary flow and, 495 

 definition, 490 

 factors affecting, 491 

 myocardial contractility and, 492 

 norepinephrine, 501 

 stellate ganglion stimulation and, 504 

 Ventricular septal defects 



acetylcholine eff^ect on blood pressures, 



457 

 area 



blood How and, 457 



pulmonary, systemic pressures and, 

 456 



resistance to blood flow and, 455 



systolic-pressure ratio and, 455 

 characterization, 420 

 heart murmurs and, 721, 722 

 hemodynamic changes due to, 452, 453 

 importance of location, 457 

 left atrial pressure and, 459 



before and after cardiotomy, 454 

 oxygen and, 460 

 phonocardiogram of, 729 

 pulmonary 



blood flow, age, and, 454, 458 



hypertension and, 458 



systemic resistance ratio in, 454, 458 



\ascular resistance and, 453, 458, 



459 



with mitral stenosis, 471 



with pulmonary stenosis, 47 1 



arterial oxygen saturation and, 471 

 arterial systolic pressures and, 474 



