746 



HANDBOOK OF PHYSIOLOGY 



CIRCULATION I 



loops, 372 



normal, 376 

 migrating and, 335 

 nomenclature, 366 

 theory, 329-332 



limitations, 333-338 

 vectorial 



addition of two tiber dipoles, 333 

 concepts, 337 



limits of, 333 

 data, axes and positions of angles in, 



375 



ventricular gradient, spatial, azimiitlial 

 and elevational angles of, 372 



ventricular repolarization and, 3 1 1 



ventricular surface latencies, 351 



ventricular wall latencies, 353 



Wilson chest leads, 344 



Wilson tetrahedron, 339, 341 



zero line determination, 366 

 Electrokymography 



cardiac cycle and, 655 



cardiac insufficiency and, 655 



valvular stenosis and, 655 

 Electron transport carriers 



in cardiac muscle, 2 1 3 

 Elephant 



QRS duration and heart weight, 360 

 Endocardial sclerosis 



characterization, 422 

 Energetico-mechanical insufficiency 



definition, 384 

 Energy metabolism 



T wave and, 390 

 Enzymes 



in heart, 228 



in skeletal muscle, 228 



inhibitors, T wave and, 390 

 Epinephrine 



cardiac action potential, contraction 

 and, 385 



cardiac anaerobic metabolism and, 387 



cardiac glycogen and, 209 



electrocardiogram and, 359 



extrasystoles and, 394 



hemodynamic effects, 535 



sodium conductance and, 278 



T wave and, 389 



V wave and, 383 



ventricular contractility, 537 

 Erythrocytes: sfe Blood cells 

 Evans blue 



as plasma label, 37 



characteristics, 37 



distribution volume, 26 

 man, 31 

 monkey, 32 



extravascular distribution, 38 



flow-dilution cur\'es, 25 



measurement of cardiac output, 57!) 



plasma clearance, 38 

 Exercise 



arterial oxygen saturation and, 478 



blood volume and, 52, 56 



cardiac A-V difference, 525 



cardiac output, 525, 663 

 in aortic stenosis, 659 



cardiac valvular insufficiencies and, 648, 

 661, 673 



cardiovascular response, 525, 543 



coronary arteriovenous O2 difference 

 and, 545 



functional sympathectomy in active 

 vascular area, 526 



hemodynamics in aortic stenosis and, 

 446-447, 659 



indicator-dilution curves and, 435 



peripheral vascular control during, 526 



pulmonary hypertension and, 460 



stroke volume and, 544, 545 



ventricular dimensions and, 544 

 Excitation-contraction coupling 



definition, 278 

 Exit block 



definition, 394 

 Expandex : see Dextran 

 Expiration 



effect on heart, 707 



heart murmurs and, 724 



vascular volume of lung, 707 

 Extensibility 



definition, 508 



FAD; see Flavinadeninedinucleotide 

 Fasting 



cardiac glycogen and, 209 



substrate uptake by cardiac muscle 

 and, 221 

 Fatty acid oxidation 



enzymes for, 2 1 2 

 Fatty acids 



nonesterfied, utilization by cardiac mus- 

 cle, 221 

 Feeding 



substrate uptake by cardiac muscle and, 

 221 

 Femoral arterial pulse wave 



coarctation of the aorta and, 441 

 Femoral arteriovenous fistula 



indicator-dilution curves and, 431 

 Fetus 



circulation in, 437-438 



ECG in, 392 



pulmonarv blood flow, 438 



umbilical blood flow, 438 

 Fibrillation 



definition, 315, 397 



necessary conditions, 3 1 5 



theories, 315, 397 

 Filters 



classification, 685 



spectral phonocardiography and, 687 

 Flavinadeninedinucleotide 



in cardiac muscle, 21 1 



Flow 



Newton's equation, 109 



Poiseuille law for, 86 

 Flowmeters 



bristle, 552 



electromagnetic, 554, 555 



orifice, 552 



Pitot meter, 552 



rotameter, 552 



sonic, 554 



turbinometer, 553 



venturimeter, 552 

 Flow volume 



definition, 109 

 Flutter 



definition, 315 

 Fourier coefficients 



for pulse wave, 1 2 1 

 Fowl 



A-V conduction system in, 289 

 Fowler, N. O. 



Plasma substitutes, 63-84 

 Frank-Starling mechanism 



nervous control of, 518-519 

 Friction pressure 



of dog blood, 1 44 

 Frog 



A-V conduction system in, 289 



potentials from the A-V region, 298 

 Fumarase 



in heart, 228 



in skeletal muscle, 228 



Gelatin 



antigenic properties, 69 



as plasma expander,'64 



fate of, 66 

 Globin 



antigenic properties, 69 



as plasma expander, 64 

 Glomerular filtration rate 



dextran and, 76 



in mitral stenosis, 672-673 

 Glucogenolysis 



pathway in cardiac muscle, 209 

 Glucose oxidation 



hexomonophosphate pathway, 208 

 Glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase 



in heart, 228 



in skeletal muscle, 228 

 Glutamic-oxalacetic transaminase 



in cardiac muscle, 2 1 1 

 Glutamic -pyruxic transmaninase 



in cardiac muscle, 2 1 1 

 Glyceraldehyde-dehydrogenase 



in heart muscle, 207 

 Glycogen 



in Purkinje fibers, 290 

 Glycogenesis 



in heart muscle, 208, 209 

 Glycolysis 



Embden-Meyerhof pathway, 206 



