752 



HANDBOOK OF PHYSIOLOGY 



CIRCULATION I 



bovine, antigenic properties, 69 



constituents, plasma expanders and, 74 



dye clearance, 37 



excess, 34-55 



labeled, mixing, 27 



labels, 36-40 



species differences, 39 



measurement of compartment, 33 



sequestration of, 28 

 Plasma expanders: see Plasma substitutes 

 Plasma proteins 



albumin 



binding of Evans blue, 37 

 kinetics of dye binding, 37 



labeled, metabolism, 39 



labels, 39 



natural and artificial, 40 

 Plasma substitutes 



antigenic properties, 69-71 



blood constituents, 74 



blood volume and, 58 



cardiac function and, 76 



clinical uses, 79-80 



colloidal infusion, 64 



physiological effects, normal, 71-78 

 oligemia, 78-79 



fate, 65-69 



hematocrit and, 78, 79 



hepatic function and, 75 



history, 63 



oligemia and, 78 



physiological effects, 7 1 -79 



properties, 64-65 



renal function and, 75 



requirements, 63-64 



serum constituents and, 74 

 Plasma volume 



capillary leakage, 36 



in various species, 31, 32, 33, 39 



operational and conceptual definition, 



36 



plasma substitutes and, 71 



validity of dye measurements, 38 

 Platelet activity 



dextran and, 73 

 Poise 



definition, 1 38 

 Poiseuille's law 



pulsating How and, i 18 

 Poisons 



T wave and, 389-390 

 Polarographic electrodes 



for oxygen determination, 425 

 Polycythemia 



arterial hypoxemia and, 478 



thrombi and, 478 

 Polyvinyl alcohol 



as plasma expander, 64 



blood constituents and, 75 



fate of, 65 

 Polyvinylpyrrolidone 



antigenic properties, 70 



as plasma expander, 64 



fate of, 66 



fornmula, 64 

 Pools 



definition, 621 

 Potassium 



actomyosin and, 162 



actomyosin binding, digitalis and, i83 



antagonism, cardiac glycosides, 185 



cardiac action potential and, 263 



cardiac excitability and, 160 



cardiac injury potenticils and, 283 



cardiac muscle contractility and, 157- 

 163 



conductance, 251 



current, separation from sodium, 251 



diffusion of intracellular, 158 



distribution in body, 620 



ECG and, 365, 390-391 



exchangeability, 158 



form and localization in cells, 158 



heart rate and, 160 



in cardiac repolarization, 273 



in homeometric autoregulation of 

 ventricle, 499 



in muscle, 1 58 



intoxication, T wave and, 391 



ionic current and, 251 



loss of internal, tension and, 1 74 



membrane permeability to, 169 



permeability, acetylcholine and, 386 



plasma expander and, 74 



postextrasystolic potentiation, 177 



protein binding of, 158 



QT duration and, 383 



resting cell membrane and, 239 



transmembrane potentials and, 261 



V wave and, 383 

 Potassium transport 



active, 243 



steady state and, 245 



cardiac glycosides and, 185 



efflux 



Bowditch staircase and, 174 

 digitalis and, 160 

 ECG and, 160 

 glycosides and, 1 84 



glycosides and, 1 84 



lithium and, 163 



passive, 243 



quinidine and, i 78 



species differences in cardiac, 1 75 



vagal stimulation and, 277 



veratrum alkaloids and, 181 

 P-Q interval 



length, heart rate and, 370 

 PQRS segment 



description, 365-377 

 P-R interval 



first heart sound and, 708 



presystolic murinur and, 719 

 Pregnancy 



ECG, 392 

 Pressure 



in elastic tubes, mathematics, 3 

 Pressure recordings 



instrumentation, 424 

 Pressure-solume curves attempts to 



measure in heart, 157 

 Pressure wa\e: see Pulse wave 

 Presystolic gallop: see Heart sounds 

 Protein 



binding, cardiac glycosides, 183 



potassium binding and, 158 

 Protodiastolic gallop: see Heart sounds 

 Pulmonary arterial pressure 



acetylcholine and, 465 



in anomalous venous connection, 467 



in atrial septal defect and pulmonary 

 stenosis, 474 



in man, 440 



in mitral regurgitation, 653 



in mitral stenosis, 663 



in pulmonary stenosis, 474 



in ventricular septal defect, 453 

 and pulmonary stenosis, 471 



resistance and, 464 



ventricular failure and, 661 



see also Blood pressures 

 Pulmonary arterial wedge pressure 



definition, 651 



in man, 440 



in mitral stenosis, 651 



in ventricular septal defect, 453 



left atrial pressure and, 650, 651 

 Pulmonary arteriovenous fistula 



characterization of, 419 

 Pulmonary artery 



blood How, in atrial septal defect, 461 



blood oxygen saturation in, 440 



histology of constriction, 465 



medial hypertrophy, 671 



obstruction 



dynamics of, 473 



pulmonary hypertension and, 460 



occlusion, critical level, 450 

 Pulmonary-artery wedge 



oxygen saturation of blood from, 440 

 Pulmonary atresia 



characterization, 42 i 



hemodynamics, 475 

 Pulmonary blood flow: see Blood flow, 



regional 

 Pulmonary congestion 



lymph flow and, 672 



right heart lesions and, 668 

 Pulmonary edema 



mitral stenosis and, 664 

 Pulmonary hypertension 



acetylcholine infusion and, 671-672 



arising from various causes, 464 



Eisenmenger's complex, 460 



exercise and, 460 



