754 



HANDBOOK OF PHYSIOLOGY 



CIRCULATION I 



ionic liuxes and, 178 

 mechanism of action, 1 78 

 repolarization and, 1 78 

 veratrum alkaloids and, 180-182 

 Quinine 



ECG and, 392 



Rabbit 



blastocytes, calcium content of, 167 

 electrocardiographic data, 402 

 Radial artery 



blood oxygen saturation in, 440 

 coarctation of aorta. 441 

 pressure, 461 



coarctation of aorta and, 441 



in man, 440 



normal, 441 



ratio to femoral, 441 

 pulse wave, in aortic regurgitation, 447 

 Rat 



electrocardiographic data, 402 

 Recirculation 



corrections for, 602 

 indicator-dilution methods, 597 

 Reflection 



at junction of wide and narrow tubes, 



127 

 calculated complex coefficients of a 



rigid cannula, 127, 128 

 factor 



calculation, 1 26 



derivation of, 134 

 pulse wave propagation and, 122-129 

 Relative specific activity 



definition, 621 

 Repolarization 



behavior of model, 274 



cardiac cells, 262 



cardiac electrophysiology, 262 



cardiac glycosides and, 188 



factors aff'ecting, 262 



hypotheses of, 271 



ionic mechanism, 271 



ions and, 160 



mechanisms of, 268 



quinidine and, 178 



RS-T segment and, 377 



slope conductance during, 264 



threshold in heart, 270 



veratrum alkaloids and, 181 



see also Cardiac electrophysiology. 



Ventricular electrophysiology 

 Reptile 



A-V conduction system in, 289 

 Respiration 

 heart 



murmurs and, 724 



rate and, 397 



sounds, 705, 706 

 phonocardiography and, 691 

 Rest 



cardiac output in aortic stenosis and, 



659 

 Rest contraction 

 definition, i 74 

 Reticuloendothelial system 



dye clearance and, 38 

 Reverse staircase 



cardiac contractility, 1 75 

 definition, i 73 

 illustration, i 73 

 theories of cause, 1 76 

 see also Bowditch staircase; Trcppe 

 Rheology 



definitions, 137-138 

 see also Circulation, physical principles 

 Rheumatic fever 



heart sounds and, 709-710 

 Riboflavin 

 in heart, 228 

 in skeletal muscle, 228 

 Robertson, J. S. 



Mathematical treatment of uptake and 

 release of indicator substances in 

 relation to flow analysis in tissues 

 and organs, 617-644 

 RS-T segment 



R and T waves superimposed from two 



fibers, 363 

 repolarization and, 377-383 

 Rubidium 



action potential and, 165 

 heart contractility, 164-165 

 physiological efl^ects of, 165 

 Rushmer, R. F. 



Efl'ects of nerve stimulation and hor- 

 mones of the heart; the role of the 

 heart in general circulatory regula- 

 tion, 533-550 



S deflection 



excitation waves, 369 

 SarnofT, S. J. 



Control of the function of the heart, 



489-532 

 Schaefer, H. 



Electrocardiography, 323-415 

 Scher, A. M. 



Excitation of the heart, 287-322 

 Season 



blood volume and, 55 

 Sedimentation rate 



plasma expanded and, 74 

 Semilunar valve 



heart sounds and, 7 1 o 

 incompetence, results of, 668 

 insufficiency, 710, 725 



murmurs and, 7 1 7 

 second heart sound and, 700 

 stenosis 



diagnosis, 716 

 murmur in, 715-716 



see also Aortic stenosis; Vahular 

 stenosis 

 Septal defects 



with valvular stenosis, 469-476 



Series systems : see Catenary systems 

 Serum cholinesterase 



plasma substitutes, 74 

 Serum chloride 



plasma expander and, 74 

 Serum proteins 



plasma substitutes, 74 

 Serum sodium 



plasma expander and, 74 

 Sex 



blood volume, 53 

 Shear, rate of 



definition, 137 

 Shearing stress 



definition, 137 

 Shock 



blood sequestration and, 28 



cardiac metabolism and, 223 



plasma substitutes in, 79 



stroke \"olume, in 563 

 Shunts 



calculation of, 426, 427 



direction of, 459 



factors determining, 452-453, 454 

 magnitude, 454 



indicator-dilution curves and, 431-437 



left -to-right 



localization, 433 

 quantitation, 433 



pulmonary \ascular resistance and, 



457. 459 



right-to-left, 476 



blood composition, 464 

 Sinoauricular node 



atrial excitation and, 293 



description, 288 

 Sinus arrhythmia 



characterization, 422 

 Sjostrand, T. 



Blood \olume, 51-62 

 Sodium 



action potential and, 161 



actomyosin and, 1 62 



cardiac cell depolarization and, 259- 

 260 



cardiac muscle contractility and, 157- 

 163 



cell permeability and, 1 59 



current, separation from potassium, 251 



distribution in body, 620 



heart rate and, 160 



in cardiac repolarization, 273 



in muscle, 158 



intracellular, reverse staircase and, 1 76 



ionic currents and, 250 



membrane permeability to, 169 



resting cell membrane and, 239 

 Sodium conductance 



