INTRACRANIAL AND INTRAOCULAR FLUIDS 



/°i 



influx of blood produces a smaller rise in transmitted 

 venous pressure. 33 



As with the ocular system, intravenous hypertonic 

 solutions cause a profound fall in the cerebrospinal 

 fluid pressure; but once again the effects are probably 

 complicated by a direct influence of the hypertonic 

 solutions on the vessels (89, 138, 154, 241-243). This 

 consideration brings us to a word on the mechanical 

 function of the cerebrospinal fluid in protecting the 

 brain and spinal cord against the effects of sudden 

 accelerations. The effect on the underlying brain of a 

 blow on the skull by a stick, for example, is reduced 



33 Other studies along these lines are those of Ayala do), 

 Ryder el al. (193), Foldes & Arrowood (87) and Haug (120). 



by the cerebrospinal fluid, first, because of the loss of 

 energy that occurs on transmitting the force from bone 

 to water; second, because the force is spread over a 

 larger area than the contact area between skull and 

 stick, so that the pressure transmitted to the brain is 

 smaller; finally, and most important, because the fluid 

 may drain out of the skull or force blood to drain out, 

 thereby making the system behave like a hydraulic 

 buffer. In the same way, bending of the spine has no 

 deleterious effects on the cord, compression being 

 avoided by a similar buffering action. In fishes, where 

 a true subarachnoid fluid is absent, the hydraulic buf- 

 fer in the spine is replaced by a well developed peri- 

 meningeal layer of connective tissue lying between the 

 primitive meninx and the periosteum. 



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