'75° 



HANDBOOK OK PHYSIC iLOCY 



NEUROPHYSIOLOGY III 



normal activities of the- systems involved. This much 

 is certain — the present period is a transitional one in 

 this area of physiology, as in main (perhaps all) 

 others. Much has been learned about the cerebral 

 circulation and the exchanges between brain cells 

 and the ambient fluids, but integration of this informa- 

 tion into the rapidly changing scene portrayed in the 

 other parts of this volume is barely begun. The intro- 

 duction of the newer psychotropic drugs has stimu- 

 lated a re-examination of previously held concepts of 

 the integration of the functions of the brain and has 

 led to a concentration of attention on subcortical 



areas. Questions of chemical mediation of nerve im- 

 pulses in these regions have become much more 

 pressing than before. At present the information is 

 more or less amorphous. In the past, effective syn- 

 thesis of such information has been accelerated or 

 forced by the introduction of new therapeutic agents, 

 or by a determined attempt to explain the effects of 

 agents already in use. This situation now prevails in 

 the area of psychopharmacology, and the above 

 sections illustrate the writer's opinion that appro- 

 priate studies, by methods devised or adapted for the 

 purpose, are greatly to be desired. 



REFERENCES 



5- 



6. 



7- 



8. 



9- 

 io. 

 i i. 



12. 



'3- 

 '4- 

 '5- 

 16. 



'7- 

 18. 



■9- 



20. 



21. 



2 2. 



I 

 •I 



Alman, R. Y\\, M. Rosenberg and J. F. Fazekas. A.M. A. 

 Arch. Neurol. & Psychial. 67: 354, 1952. 

 Altschule, M. D. New England ./. Med. 257: 919, 1957. 

 Aviado, D. M. and C. F. Schmidt. Physiol. Rev. 35: 247, 



>95 6 - 



Babki.n, B. P., A. Al LEY and G. W. Stavraky. Canad. 



M. A. J. 26: 582, 1932. 



Barcroft, J. Xature, London 106: 125, 1920. 



Battey, L. L., A. Heyman and J. L. Patterson. J. A.M. A. 



!5 2:6 > '953- 



Borison, H. L., and S. C. Wang. Pharmacol. Rev. 5: 193, 



'953- 



Chorobski, J. and W. Penfield. A.M. A. Arch. Xeurol. 



& Psychial. 28: 1257, 1932. 



Cushinc, H. Proc. Nat. Acad. Sc. Washington, 18: 500, 1932. 

 de Bodo, R. C. J. Pharmacol. & Exper. Therap. 82 : 74, 1944. 

 Dumke, P. R. and C. F. Schmidt. Am. ./. Physiol. 138: 



4^'. 1943- 



Ersparmer, V. Pharmacol. Rev. 6: 425, 1956. 

 Feldberg. W. Histamine (Ciba Foundation Symposium). 

 Boston: Little, 1956, p. 6. 



Fisher, C, W. P. Ingram and S. VV. Ranson. A.M. A. 

 Arch. Neural. & Psychial. 34: 124, 1935. 

 Forbes, II W., K H. Finley and G. I. Nason. AM A. 

 \rch Neurol. & Psychial. 30: 957, 1933. 

 Forbes, II VV., C. F. Schmidi and G. I. Mason. Am. J. 

 Physiol. 125: 216, 1939. 



For hi s, 1 1. \V , II . G. \\ 01.FF AND S. Cobb. Am. ./. Physiol. 

 89: 266, 1929. 



Gbrschbi rg, II . 1. G. Fry, J. R. Brobeck and C. N 1 1 



Long. Yale ./. Biol. & Med. 23: 3a, 1950-51. 



Grant, F. C, I. B. Spn/. II A Shenkin, C. F. Schmidi 



and s s Ki n Tr. .I»/ Neurol. A. 72: 82, 1947. 



Mm mi 1. M M, J, II. Hafkenschiel, G. M. Austin, 



C W Crumpton and S. S. Kety. J. Clin. Invest. 28: 



in. '949- 



II1MUK.11, II. E. Science 127- 59, icr>8 



HnfWICH, W. A, I'. 1 1 wine kt;i r, R. Maris, \ \\n II I 



IIimwkh Am. I Psychial. 103:689, 1947. 



Ki i'. S S. Am. ./ Med. 8: 205, 1950. 



Ki r, S S., B. D. P01 is, C. S N m>i 1 R \m> C. 1 Si iimiiii 



/ ' Ki /' ' 27: 500, 1948. 



h , S S \M' I I Schmidt. ./. Clin. Invest. 27: 484, 



1948 



26. Kety, S. S., R. B. Woodford, F. A. Freyhan, M. H 

 Harmel, K. E. Appel and C. F. Schmidt. Am. J. Psy- 

 chiat. 104: 765, 1948. 



27. King, B. D., L. Sokoloff and R. L. Wechsler. J. Clin. 

 Invest. 31: 273, 1952. 



28. Lambertsen, C. J. In: Pharmacology in Mediant (2nd ed.), 

 edited by V. A. Drill. New York: McGraw-Hill, 1958, 

 p. 815. 



29. Lambertsen, C. J., J. H. Ewing, R. H. Kough, R. Gould 

 and M. W. Stroud. J. Appl. Physiol. 8: 255, 1955. 



30. Lambertsen, C. J., R. H. Kough, D. Y. Cooper, G. L. 

 Emmel, H. H. Loeschcke and C. F. Schmidt. ./. Appl. 

 Physiol. 5 : 47 1 , 1 953. 



31. Mangold, R., L. Sokoloff, E. Conner, J. Kleinf.rman. 

 P. G. Therman and S. S. Kety. J. Clin. Invest. 34: 1092, 



'955- 



32. McCann, S. M. Endocrinology 60: 664, 1957. 



33. Pickford, M. J. Physiol. 106: 264, 1947. 



34. Plummer, A. J., A Earl, J. A. Schneider, J. Trapold 

 and W. Barrett. Ann. New York Acad. Sc. 59: 8, 1954. 



35. Scheinberg, P. Am. J. Med. 8: 139, 1950. 



36. Schieve, J. A. and \\ . P. Wiison. ./. Clm. Invest. 32: 33, 



'953- 



37. Schmidt, C. F. Fed. Proc. 3: 131, 1044 



38. Schmidt, C. F. The Cerebral Circulation in Health and Dis- 

 ease. Springfield: Thomas, 1950. 



39. Schmidt, C. F. In: Medical Physiology, edited by P. Bard. 

 St. Louis: Mosby, 1956, p. 402. 



40. Schmidt, C. F. and J. P. Hfndrix. A. Res. Sen. & Meat. 

 Dis., Proc. iH: 229, 1937. 



41. Schmidt, C. F., S. S. Ki n \m> 11. II. Pennes. Am. J. 

 Physiol. 143: 33, 1945. 



|j Sni \ki\. II \ ./. Afi/il. Physiol. 3: 465, 1951. 



1 1 Smith, II VV. Am. ./. Med. 23: 623, 1957. 



1 1 Sokoloff, L., R. Mangold, R. I. Wl 1 nsi 1 k. ( ! Ki nnedy 



and S. S. Ki iy ./. Clm. Invest. 34: 1101, 1955. 

 1 , si kisiuv \ . s RoDBARD and L. N. Kat/. Am. J. Physiol. 



623, 1948. 

 46. Turner, J., C. J. Lambertsen, S. G. ( Km m, 1 1 Wendel 



wi> II Chiodi. Fed P 6 130, 1957. 



p Wechsler, R 1. , I.M Ki uss and S. S. Kety. J. Clin. 



Invest. 29: 28, 1950. 

 48. \s II G. Physiol. Ren. 16: 545, "1 16 



