CHAPTER LXV 



Perception 



HANS-LUKAS TEUBER 1 



Psychophysiological Laboratory, New York Universily-Bellevue 

 Medical Center, New York City 



CHAPTER CONTENTS 



Psychophysics 



Reduction of Sensory Qualities 



Attempted Restitution of Qualities in Psychophysics 

 Multidimensional Nature of Sensory 'Attributes' 

 Implications for Neurophysiology' Studies of Perceptual 



Processes 

 Impact of Gestalt Psychology and Operational Behaviorism 

 The Need for Converging Operations 

 Some Central Problems for a Theory of Perception 

 Patterning 

 Selectivity 



Reaction to Relations 

 Similarity 



Serial (Temporal) Order 



Equivalence of Certain Temporal and Spatial Patterns 

 Perception of Shape 



Basic Aspects of Figure Processes 



Minimum articulation, assimilation and contrast 



Figure and ground 



Principles of grouping 

 Ontogenetic Considerations 

 Phylogenetic Considerations 



Vertebrates 



Higher invertebrates: cephalopods 



Salticidae 



Invertebrates with compound eyes 

 Changes in Perception of Shape after Cerebral Lesions 



Effects of total removal of 'projection systems' 



Effects of subtotal removal in man 



Completion and extinction of patterns 



Coexistence of specific and general perceptual changes 



Effects of subtotal lesions in animals below man 

 Isolation Studies 



Pattern vision after removal of congenital cataracts 



Effects of early visual deprivation on shape perception 

 in subhuman species 



Alternative interpretations 



1 The preparation of this chapter has been aided by the 

 Commonwealth Fund of New York, and by the U. S. Public 

 Health Service under their program grant M-3347 to the 

 Psychophysiological Laboratory, 



Depth, Distance and Other Aspects of Spatial Localization 

 The Traditional Approach (Depth from Clues) and Its 

 Alternative 1 Depth from Gradients) 

 Monocular clues 

 Depth from gradients 



Kinetic depth ellri Is 



Binocular parallax 



rVcuit) of binocular depth perception 



I In l'» iis ill I ill, 11 lusiun 



\iiiliicu v Spat r Perception 

 Binaural parallax 



Auditory localization during head and body movements 

 Interaction Between Posture and Distance Receptors in 

 Spatial Localization 

 Effects of body tilt: the Aubert phenomenon and its 



variants 

 Oculogravic effects and related phenomena 

 Abnormalities of Space Perception after Cerebral Lesions 

 Distortions in the tridimensional structure of visual space 

 Abnormality of visuopostural interaction 

 Spatial disorientation' after parietal lesions 

 1 )epri\ ation Studies 



Depth perception after early \ isu.il deprivation 

 Tactile deprivation: effects on body scheme 

 Recombination 1 Rearrangement and Disarrangement) 

 Studies 

 Persistent spatial disorientation in lower species 

 Adaptation in man to prolonged visuospatial inversion or 



distortion 

 Partial spatial reorganization during short-term experi- 

 ments 

 •Reafferent' stimulation as prerequisite for adaptation 

 Double localization: monocular diplopia and diplophonic 

 effects 

 Perception of Apparent Motion 

 Afterimages of Motion 

 Induced Motion 

 Autokinetic Effects 

 Stroboscopic Motion 



Tactile and auditory apparent motion 

 Stroboscopic effects in subhuman species 

 A Physiologic Hypothesis 



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