■99 6 



li WDIKKIK i ll- 1'M\SH H i «,\ 



M I KOI'IIYSIOLOCY 111 



initiation in centrencephalic system, 



825 



water intake and, 151 1 

 Motor apraxia tee Apraxia 

 Motor cortex: tee Cerebral cortex (area 4) 

 Motor integration 



auditory input and. 82 3 



central nervous system function in, 793 



cerebral-cerebellar interrelations, 816, 

 899-901, 1253, 1264, 1 -'74 



cortical control, 790 



hemispherectomy and, 814 



hypothalamus and, 788 



motor cortex and, 790 



sensory afferents and, 823 



spinal, 781-786 



suprasegmental, 786-794 



temporal cortex, 81 2 



vestibular input and, 824 



visual control, 791, 823 

 Motor units 



Sherrington's, 1685 



spatiotemporal patterning, 1686 

 Movement 



definition of decomposition, 1266 



muscle levers and, 1682 



patterning of, 1679-1706 



reciprocal innervation and, 1682 



voluntary cortical participation, 1694 

 Movements, skilled 



ablations, area 4 and, 1689 



acquisition of, 1703 



activation of cortical motor areas, 1690 



adaptive plasticity of system, [698 

 1706 



automatization of, 1 705 



coordination and, 1684 



corticospinal system and, 1704 



definition, 1679 



diagram of control, 1701 



elaborative activity and, 1690-1698 



extrapyramidal tracts and, 1689 



flexibility of, 1698-1703 

 holokinesis and, 1689 

 idiokinesis, 1690 

 idiokinetic apraxia, 1691 

 inborn and learned patterns, 1704 

 initiation of volitional commands, 

 ihiio ibc|8 



learning process, 1 703 



levels ni cerebral activity and. 1685 



motoi apraxia, 1691 



ontogen) 



pathways, 1685-1690 



patterning 



neurophysiology al basil 1684 

 peri eption, in learning, 1 



pi 1 iphi 1 il expressi if, 1682 



pli\ logeny, 1681 



psiaiind.il 11 .11 I and 1 689 



sensory control, 1698 



Multiple object problem 



diagram. 1328 

 Multisynaptic reflexes 



autonomic, in spinal cord, 953 

 Muscle 

 activity 



patterning, 1683 

 afferent libers 



central effects of, 1069 



diameter, 930 



peripheral origin, q ;i 

 antagonists, facilitation, 942 

 blood flow 



motor stimulation and, 806 



vasodilators and, 1 1 55 

 catch-mechanism theory of contrac- 

 tion, 247 

 conducted action potential, 239 

 contraction characteristics, 1685 

 dual responses of, 175 

 efferent fibers 



alpha and gamma, 933 



diamrti 1 , 933 



function and diameter, 934 

 eye muscles, 1090-1094 

 fiber type, relation to motoneuron, 



1072 

 flower-spray endings, function, 1082 

 functional classification, 1683 

 innervation of, 200-202 

 intrafusal libers, 1068 

 junctional receptor function, 209-212 

 length 



in rigidity and spasticity, 887 



reflex control, 910 

 multiterminal innervation, 239, 242. 



-17 

 neuromuscular transmission, 1 99-253 

 phasic contractions, definition, 1266 

 plasticity, description, 1067 

 polyneuron.il innervation, 241 

 reciprocal innervation of, 181 

 representation in motor cortex, 805 

 smooth 



denervation and, 993 



innervation, 2 1 7 



myogenic automatic n\, 99 ; 

 striated, tone, cerebellum and, 12114 

 synergists, disynaptic inhibition of, 942 

 tension, reflex control, 910 

 tetanus theOl ) . -'(7 



voluntary contraction, unit activity, 



Muscle, invertebrate tee Invertebrates 

 Muscle potentials 



cili.11 \ iiiuM [e, 662 



in molluscs, 1 pi 

 Musi le spike n 1 Spike potentials 

 Mum le spindles 



activity, gaum 1.1 toneurons and 910 



dea 1 iption, 1068 



gamma innervation, 886, 910 



identification of endings, 1068 



in eye muscles, 1090 



motor innervation and posture, 1076 



role in posture, 1069 



structure, 931 

 Muscle tone 



definition, 1266 



mental work and, 1676 



plastic 



reflex character, 887 

 surgical treatment, 887 



striated muscle, cerebellum and, 1264 



suppressor areas and, 1352 

 Muscular atrophies: see Hereditary 



ataxias 

 Myelin 



formation of, 1819 



sheath 



model of structure, 1 797 



structure of, 1819 

 Myelinated fiber: see Nerve fibers, 



myelinated 

 Myelin ization 



in developing brain, 1819 



lipid formation and, 1819 

 Myoclonic syndrome 



description, 867 

 Myopia 



correction for, 655 



definition, 655 



night 



accomodation and, 664 



sky 



accommodation and. 664 

 Myosensory tension 



definition. 1 107 



Myotatic reflexes 



definition, 1068 



enhancement in rigidity, 887 



in spinal animal, 784 



inverse, description, 941 



micturition and, 1215, 1219 



monosynaptic response, 785 



nucleus niger and, 888 



self-energizing effect, 785 

 Myotatic unit 



definition, 94 1 



Need 



as motivation, 1508 

 Negative stimulus 



definition, 1475 

 Neocoi tex 



see also t ierebral cortex 



ergotropic, 1 566 



relation to limbic lobe, 1738 



trophotropic, 1566 

 Nerve excitability 1 Nerve fibers 

 Nerve fibo a 



see also Afferent . Vxon; Pain 



A, H and C, 469, 984 

 \ ■ ondui tion in, 393 



Volume I ! Volumi II pages 781 1 1 1" Volume III pages i/ii 1966 



