38 



T. F. (;()rf:ai^ axd w. d. iiaktmax 



Fig. 11. Underwater photograph ot a typical shallow-water coral associ- 

 ation in the reef buttress at a depth of about 4 meters, off Mangrove Point, 

 Jamaica. These corals are growing in the turbulent zone and have built a 

 wave-resistant primary framework. Various types of branching, foliose, and 

 massive corals are shown. Most of these are large, heavy, and extremely well 

 cemented to the substrate. The canyon in the middle background is about 

 7 meters deep and contains large branches of dead elkhorn coral broken off 

 during storms. 



