Q98 I- REICIIBORN-KJENNERUD 



Hiiupl, 1925; Iliiupl and Lang, 1927), and that it is caused by in- 

 creased masticaton' functional stress (Karolyi, 1905) or by a dystro- 

 phy not necessarily related to gingivitis (Weski, 1921, 1928). Ac- 

 cording to Gottlieb ( 1925 ) , alveolar bone resorption can be due to 

 an atrophv, or to a gingival inflammation caused by dental calculus 

 or tartar and retention of food ( "Schmutzpyorrhoe" ) . Some authors, 

 among them Thoma and Goldman (1937), have attributed the 

 breakdown of alveolar bone to local (paradontitis) and systemic 

 (paradontosis) factors and to combinations of the two factors. Glick- 

 man (1949, 1952) is of the opinion that both local and systemic 

 factors mav be responsible for the alveolar bone destruction, the 

 outcome being governed bv a so-called "bone factor," defined as 

 the systemic regulatorv influence upon the alveolar bone. The last 

 theory to be mentioned, as advanced by Lang ( 1923) and by Haupl 

 and Lang ( 1927 ) , differs in many respects from the others, and 

 necessitates an explanation in greater detail of its main points, as 

 follows. 



Hiiupl and Lang, in accordance with the general concept of 

 Pommer ( 1885, 1925), take the position that circulatory disturbances 

 which increase the tissue tonus in the bone cause bone resorption 

 in all parts of the skeleton. They maintain more specifically that 

 circulatory disturbances of this type develop in the alveolar bone 

 through an interaction of factors which can be divided into three 

 groups: (1) external factors such as irritants initiating a gingival 

 inflammation, and circulatory disturbances in the periodontium 

 caused by mechanical functional stress above the physiological 

 limit; (2) inherited and acquired anatomical and physiological 

 periodontal conditions which directly promote the development of 

 or aggravate disturbances in the blood circulation in the alveolar 

 bone; and (3) inherited and acquired systemic factors which in- 

 directly influence the periodontal blood circulation, e.g., the kinds 

 of influences that are involved in the over-all parasite-host relation 

 of the organism. 



Hiiupl and Lang assert that the loss of alveolar bone in periodontal 

 disorders is determined by the relation between resorption and for- 

 mation of alveolar bone. Furthermore, they are of the opinion that 



