ORIENTATION 



eyelids are absent and they lack a tympanum or external ear opening. Some 

 species are oviparous and others are ovoviviparous. 



Examples: Natrix sipedon, the common water snake; Thamnophis radix, 

 the common garter snake; Crotalus horridus, the common rattler. 



Order 4: Testudinata 



Turtles possess short, compact bodies encased more or less completely in 

 a box constructed of bony plates integrated to form a dorsal covering, the 

 carapace, and a ventral shield, the plastron. The jaws are toothless and cov- 

 ered by a horny cutting edge. The tympanum is at the surface of the body 

 and eyelids and nictitating membrane are present. All species are oviparous. 



Examples: Sternotherus odoratus, the musk turtle; Chelydra serpentina, 

 the snapping turtle; Clemmys guttata, the spotted turtle; and Terrapene Caro- 

 lina, the common box turtle. 



4. Class: Aves 



Birds are warm-blooded, lung-breathing vertebrates with feathers, without 

 teeth, and with a horny beak. The body is built for flight and most species fly. 

 All species are oviparous. Other than the extinct birds or Archaeornithes, all 

 modern birds may be grouped together under the heading Neornithes. The 

 Neornithes may be divided into two main groups: 



Series 1: Ratitae (running birds) 



The flightless running birds such as the recently extinct moas, and present 

 living forms such as the kiwi, Apteryx; the cassowary, Casuarius sp., and the 

 ostrich, Struthio sp., belong in this group. 



Series 2: Carinatae (flying birds) 



This group contains many orders. The following orders are intimately as- 

 sociated with man: 



Anserijormes: Geese, ducks, swans 



Gallijormes: The common fowl, turkey, pheasants, guinea hen, etc. 



Columbijormes: Doves, pigeons 



Passeriformes: Canary and other common song birds 



5. Class: Mammalia 



The mammals are warm-blooded, lung-breathing vertebrates with a coating 

 of hair. They produce a nutritive substance for the young which is elaborated 

 in glandular areas known as the mammae or breasts. 



Division 1 : Prototheria 



These are highly specialized egg-laying mammals found only in Australia, 

 Tasmania, and New Guinea. The spiny anteater, Echidna aculeata, is found 



