XXU CONTENTS 



3 Enzyme Systems of the Erythrocyte 513 



3.1 Origin and Possible Function 513 



3.2 Carbohydrate Metal)olism of the Erythrocyte 514 



3.3 Other Reducing Systems in the Erythrocyte 516 



3.3.1 Glutathione 516 



3.3.2 Ascorbic Acid 517 



4 Hemjglobinemia (Methemoglobinemia) 518 



4.1 Hem/globin as Normal Component of the Erythrocyte 518 



4.2 Hemi'globin Formation by Foreign Substances 519 



4.3 Reduction of Hem/globin in Vivo 522 



5 Intracorpuscular Alterations Preceding Destruction of the Erythro- 

 cyte and Hemolysis 522 



5.1 Introduction 522 



5.2 Sulfhemoglobinemia 523 



5.3 Intracellular Changes after Phenylhydrazine 524 



5.4 Alteration of Erythrocyte Stability 526 



5.5 Changes in Stored Blood 528 



5.6 The Dying Cell in Vivo 529 



5.7 Protection of Hemoglobin in the Erythrocyte 531 



5.8 Disintegration of the Dying Cell \ 532 



5.9 Renal Excretion of Extracorpuscular Hemoglobin 534 



6 Anemias 535 



6.1 Introduction 535 



6.2 Hemolytic Anemias 536 



6.3 Pernicious Anemia 537 



6.4 Physiological Hemolysis of the Newborn 537 



7 Site of Bile Pigment Formation 538 



7.1 The Reticuloendothelial System 538 



7.2 Bile Pigment Formation in Body Fluids and Tissue Cultures 540 



7.3 Role of Liver, Spleen, and Bone Marrow in Bile Pigment 

 Formation 541 



7.4 Observations on Formation and Occurrence of Choleglobin 



and Sulfhemoglobin in Tissues Other Than Blood 542 



7.5 Breakdown of Myohemoglobin 543 



8 Bilirubin 544 



8.1 Quantitative Transformation of the Prosthetic Group of 

 Hemoglobin to Bile Pigment 544 



8.2 Reduction of Biliverdin to Bilirubin 545 



8.3 Bilirubin in Blood Plasma 546 



8.3.1 Normal Concentration of Plasma Bilirubin 546 



8.3.2 "Direct" and "Indirect" Bilirubin 546 



8.4 Excretion of Bilirubin 549 



8.4.1 Excretion by Liver into Bile 549 



8.4.2 Enterohepatic Circulation 549 



8.4.3 Excretion of Bilirubin in Urine 550 



9 End Products of Hemoglobin Catabolism 550 



9.1 Transformation of Bilirubin to L'robilin in the Animal Body 550 



9.1.1 Introduction 550 



9.1.2 Formation of Urobilin in the Intestine 551 



9.1.3 Extraintestinal Formation of Urobilin 553 



