INDEX 



Phoebe (Sayomis phoebe), 115. 



Pigeon, 288, 289. 



Pine, Pitch (Pinus rigida), 19, 



20, 32, 33, 84, 226. 

 Red (P. resinosa), 226. 

 White (P. Strobus), 85, 212, 



226. 

 Pipit (Anthus rubescens), 94, 



95, 250, 291. 

 Pits in sand, 22. 

 Plantain, Seaside (Plantago de- 



cipiens), 195. 

 Play in birds, 114, 130. 

 Plover, Black-bellied (Squata- 



rola squatarola), 64, 151, 



152. 

 Golden (Charadrius domini- 



cus), 151. 

 Piping (iEgialitis meloda), 62, 



149, 150. 

 Semipalmated (^Egialitis semi- 



palmata), 64, 150, 151, 286. 

 Upland (Bartramia longi- 



cauda), 245, 246. 

 Plum Island, 26, 80, 160. 

 PoUuck (Pollachius virens), 126. 

 Poplar (Populus tremuloides and 



P. grandidentata), 225. 

 Prairie hare (Lepus campestris), 



46-49. 

 Protective coloration, 42, 51, 69, 



110, 235. 



Quahog, Northern (Arctica is- 

 landica), 268, 269. 



Rail, Black (Creciscus jamaicen- 

 sis), 241. 

 Clapper (Rallus crepitans), 



241. 

 King (R. elegans), 241. 

 Sora (Porzana Carolina), 241. 

 Range-light, Ipswich, 12, 25. 

 Rat, Norway (Epimys norvegi- 



cus), 59. 

 Rate of subsidence of land, 213. 



Razor fish (Ensis directus), 269. 

 Redpoll (Acanthis linaria), 96. 

 Redstart (Setophaga ruticilla), 



92. 

 Reefs, Sand, 11, 12. 

 Rhodora (Rhodora canadense), 



83, 84. 

 Ribbed shell (Siliqua costata), 



269. 

 Richardson, Sir John, 91, 104. 

 Ripple-marks, 15, 16, 19. 

 Robin (Planesticus migratorius). 

 87, 100, 191, 250, 290, 291, 

 298, 299. 

 Robin Reef, 160, 161. 

 Rosemary, Marsh (Limonium 



carolinianum), 196. 

 Roosts, Swallow, 111-121. 

 Rose, Wild (Rosa Carolina, R. 



nitida), 83, 226. 

 Saddle-back, see Gull, Great 



black-backed. 

 Sahara, 21. 



Salt marshes, 188-228. 

 Birds of, 229-251. 

 Geological history of, 206-228. 

 Vegetation of, 190-205. 

 Saltwort (Salsola Kali), 72, 73. 

 Sand blast, 23. 

 Samphire (Salicornia europaea), 



195, 201. 

 Sand collar, 265. 

 Sand-dollar (Echinarachnius 



parma), 260. 

 Sand dunes, 11-37. 

 Land birds of, 86-110. 

 Origin of, 13, 14. 

 Rate of advance, 20, 21. 

 Varieties of, 16-19, 22. 

 Vegetation in, 70-85. a 

 Water birds seen from, 123- 

 159. 

 Sand, Grains of, 23, 24. 

 Sanderiing (Calidris leucophsea), 



154, 155. 

 Sandpiper, Baird's (Pisobia 

 bairdi), 158. 



308 



