GONADS AND THE PITUITARY BODY 



and Teel, 1930), or external signs of oestrus in the female 

 (Barnes and Bueno, 1933).^" 



Johnson and his colleagues (1934) administered implants 

 of the pars glandularis of the rat to adult, male ground-squir- 

 rels {Citellus trideceynlineatus arenicola) during the period of 

 sexual inactivity. This treatment produced an increase in the 

 volume of the testis and in the diameter of the tubules. In 

 the animals receiving more prolonged treatment, the seminal 

 vesicles, Cowper's glands, and the prostate were enlarged; 

 spermatogenesis was also stimulated. 



Valso (1934) investigated the amount of gonad-stimulating 

 hormone(s) in the acetone-desiccated anterior lobe of the 

 whale. From assays in immature mice, he estimated that 

 about 4 mg. were required to produce follicle growth, and 9 

 mg., to produce corpora lutea. He concluded that the con- 

 centration of hormone in the whale gland was comparable to 

 that in the anterior lobe of the ox. 



5. The monkey and man. — In the immature female monkey 

 (most of the experiments have been performed in Macaca 

 mulatta, also known as Macaciis rhesus) the usual effect of 

 homo-implants, hetero-implants, or extracts of the pars 

 glandularis, is a stimulation of follicular growth. Secondary 

 to this effect there occurs an edema and reddening of the 

 sexual skin as well as changes in the uterus characteristic of 

 the follicular (proliferative) phase of the adult menstrual cy- 

 cle. Growth of the mammary glands may also occur. Similar 

 changes in the secondary sexual organs are produced by the 

 injection of oestrin into spayed monkeys. If the implants or 

 injections of the anterior lobe are stopped, uterine bleeding 

 from an "interval" mucous membrane sets in after 4-9 days. 



"Thompson and Gushing (1934) administered a gonadotropic pituitary extract 

 (sheep) to a female puppy for which a littermate female control was available. The 

 injected dog was given the extract for 3 months (3-5 months old). The authors con- 

 cluded that the extract produced some of the changes (adiposity, delayed growth, 

 etc.) characteristic of "pituitary basophilism" in man. 



[ 139] 



