THE PITUITARY BODY 



mental temperature and of dose on the production of ovula- 

 tion in X.laevis. At higher temperatures (23.5-3i.5°C.) ovu- 

 lation occurred earlier but not more frequently than at lower 

 temperatures (14.0-18.5° C). Changes in dose produced 

 principally a change in the proportion of toads ovulating 

 rather than a change in the number of eggs extruded. Defin- 

 ing a "unit" as the amount of hormone given to each toad so 

 as to cause ovulation in 50 per cent of a group of toads each 

 weighing about 2>^ g., he calculated that a kilogram of fresh 

 anterior lobe of the ox contained 750 "toad-units." 



2. Urodele amphibia. — Blount (1930) transplanted pitui- 

 tary Anlagen from other embryos into embryos of Ambly- 

 stoma punctatum. There later occurred a swelling of the cloaca 

 which, he believed, probably indicated a stimulation of the 

 gonad due to the excessive production of gonadotropic hor- 

 mone. Burns and Buyse^ performed experiments in imma- 

 ture male and female salamanders {A. tigrinuni). By means 

 of homo-implants or alkaline extracts of the sheep pituitary, 

 they produced a marked stimulation of the germinal tissue of 

 the testis so that the testicular tissue hypertrophied (500-600 

 per cent) and precocious spermatogenesis occurred. In im- 

 mature female salamanders, the injections did not produce 

 such clear-cut results; however, the anterior pituitary extract 

 did cause oviposition. 



According to Adams (1930, 1934), ovulation out of season 

 can be produced in Triturus viridescens by homo-implants or 

 by extracts either of the pars glandularis of the ox or of the 

 pituitary of the sheep. In this same newt, Stein (1934) pro- 

 duced ovulation by the administration of implants or saline 

 suspensions of the pars glandularis of the fowl. Patch (1933) 

 administered implants of the pituitary of T. dorsalis or of a 

 frog {K. pipiens) to newts [T. viridescens). Ovulation was 

 produced, but the extruded ova were of low fertility; if ferti- 



^ Burns (1930); Buyse and Burns (1931); and Burns and Buyse (1934). 

 [ 122 1 



