THE PITUITARY BODY 



istered as a foreign tissue or as an extract of a foreign tissue, 

 conceivably may differ markedly from that of the animal's 

 own anterior-pituitary secretion. Moreover, observations are 

 usually made in animals with intact hypophyses. 



The gonadotropic ejects of implants or suspensions of the 

 anterior pituitary in fish. — Houssay (1931), Cardoso, and 

 Pereira and Cardoso (1934) have administered homo- or 

 hetero-implants (of other fish) or saline suspensions of the 

 pituitary to fish. Ovulation (spawning), in 1-3 days, was 

 produced in Cnesterodon decemmaculatus and in Prochilodus. 

 In sexually immature specimens of Pimelodus clarias, Car- 

 doso produced ovarian or testicular hypertrophy by admin- 

 istering pituitary implants. Ovarian hypertrophy was more 

 easily produced than testicular hypertrophy. 



The gonadotropic efects of implants or extracts of the an- 

 terior pituitary in amphibia: i. Anuran amphibia. — Ovula- 

 tion sometimes without oviposition (spawning) has been pro- 

 duced in a number of frogs {Rana catesbiana^ R. clamitans, R. 

 pipiens, R. temporaria, and R. vulgaris.^ In male frogs, like- 

 wise at times other than the normal breeding season, implants 

 or extracts can produce amplexus and the discharge of 

 spermatozoa. Thus, by administering anterior-pituitary im- 

 plants or extracts to frogs of both sexes, it is possible to obtain 

 fertilized ova at all times of the year. To produce such gonad- 

 otropic effects, homo-implants, hetero-implants (of other 

 frogs and of toads), and extracts of the anterior pituitary of 

 the ox have been employed. 



Lipschiitz and Paez (1918) and Martins (1929) were un- 

 able to cause ovarian stimulation in immature mice and rats 

 by the implantation of the frog pituitary. Lipschiitz and 

 Paez used the pituitary of the 230-280 g. Chilean frog, 

 CalyptocephaluSy and implanted as many as two pituitaries 

 each day for 6 days into the immature mouse. Martins used 



* Wolf (1929); Dubowik (1930); Adams (193 1); Bardeen (1932); Bellerby (1933); 

 and Rugh (1935). 



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