THE EFFECTS OF HYPOPHYSECTOMY 



cent; (2) the blood-sugar concentration falls faster; (3) less 

 glucose and less nitrogen are excreted in the urine, but the 

 reduction in the excretion of glucose is the greater so that the 

 D/N ratio is lower; (4) the excretion of acetone bodies is re- 

 duced. Biasotti and Houssay concluded from these observa- 

 tions that, in the hypophysectomized dog, glucose is formed 

 from protein less readily than in normal dogs. 



All authors'" agree that insulin shock is produced much 

 more easily in hypophysectomized dogs. According to Ceil- 

 ing and his collaborators, even 0.15 clinical unit of insulin 

 per kg. dog produced insulin shock, whereas 2-3 units were 

 required to produce the same symptoms in normal dogs. 

 They beheved that this change was due to the extirpation of 

 the pars neuralis, because it was not observed in one dog from 

 which only the pars glandularis had been removed. The com- 

 pleteness of the removal of the pars glandularis, however, was 

 not investigated postmortem. From other observations on 

 the effects of extracts of the pars glandularis (see chap, viii), 

 it seems more likely that the increased insulin-sensitivity of 

 the hypophysectomized dog is principally due to the removal 

 of the pars glandularis. 



If both hypophysectomy and pancreatectomy are per- 

 formed in the same dog, the course of the diabetes is pro- 

 foundly modified (Houssay and Biasotti, 1930-31; Barnes 

 and Regan, 1933; and others). Such dogs may live without 

 insulin for months; they excrete less glucose (D/N ratio: 

 0.87-1.85) — sometimes none if they are starved; acetone is 

 found in their urine infrequently; the concentration of sugar 

 in their blood (130-270 mg. per cent) is less than that in the 

 blood of pancreatectomized dogs. The course of phlorhizin 

 diabetes is about the same in hypophysectomized and in pan- 

 createctomized-hypophysectomized dogs. It is of consider- 



'° Houssay and Magenta (1925); Gelling, Campbell, and Ishikawa (1927); 

 Fujimoto (193a); Di Benedetto (1933); and Lucke, Heydemann, and Hechler 

 (1933). 



[63] 



