THE PITUITARY BODY 



made by Giusti and Houssay (1922, 1924), Hogben, Charles, 

 and Slome (1931), and Shapiro and Shapiro (1934). The 

 hypophysectomy oiBuJo marinus in the spring is followed by 

 an expulsion of the ova. In Xenopus laevis, the removal of 

 the pituitary is followed by involutionary changes in the 

 ovary. In salamanders and newts, such as A. tigrinum and 

 Triton cristatus, the ovaries either develop incompletely (im- 

 mature) or undergo regression (adult) after hypophysec- 

 tomy. Atresia of the foUicles is particularly striking (Woron- 

 zowa and Blacher, 1930; Burns and Buyse, 1932; and Dubo- 

 wik, 1935). 



The extirpation of the pituitary of male toads {B. marinus, 

 B. arenarum) is followed by atrophy of the testes (Giusti and 

 Houssay, 1923-24; Houssay and Giusti, 1930). Houssay and 

 Lascano-Gonzales (1929) were of the opinion that, in B. 

 marinus, complete hypophysectomy brought about a more 

 pronounced testicular atrophy than did extirpation of the 

 pars glandularis. In immature and mature salamanders and 

 newts, the removal of the pituitary causes more marked de- 

 generative changes in the testes than in the ovaries (Woron- 

 zowa and Blacher, 1930; Burns and Buyse, 1932). The ger- 

 minal epithelium of the immature hypophysectomized ani- 

 mal fails to develop, and appears to undergo a gradual degen- 

 eration; months after the operation, however, some recovery 

 in the form of a return to the larval appearance may be ob- 

 served. Degenerative changes in the testes are particularly 

 striking in animals hypophysectomized after sexual matu- 

 rity. Secondary sexual characters, such as swelling about the 

 cloaca, either fail to develop or undergo regression. 



Atrophy of the adrenal cortex without much change in the 

 medulla follows hypophysectomy in the amphibian (Smith, 

 1920). This is similar to what occurs in mammals. The 

 amount of epinephrin in the adrenal gland of 5. arenarum was 

 found by Houssay and Mazzocco (1933) to be the same in 

 both hypophysectomized and normal toads. The hypotonia 



