THE PITUITARY BODY 



cinereum by Houssay and his collaborators (1925, 1929). 

 Probably the polyuria following the extirpation of the in- 

 fundibulum as reported by Tschernikoff (1926) should be 

 classified as a result of an injury of the hypothalamus. Hous- 

 say, Giusti, and Gonalons (1925) also found that a retention 

 of water (increased weight) might accompany the diuresis 

 due to an injury of the hypothalamus. An increased weight, 

 interpreted as indicating a retention of water, with or without 

 polyuria, was observed in hypophysectomized frogs and toads 

 by Pohle (1920), Houssay, Giusti, and Gonalons (1925), and 

 Tschernikoff (1926). The extirpation of the glandular tissue 

 of the pituitary (apparently either the pars glandularis or the 

 pars glandularis and the pars intermedia) appeared either to 

 be without effect (Jungmann and Bernhardt, 1923; Tscherni- 

 koff, 1926) or to be followed by increased weight and polyuria 

 (Houssay and others, 1925). Jungmann and Bernhardt de- 

 scribed diuresis with or without water-retention as effects of 

 injuries of the Zweihiigel (optic lobes?). Finally, Rey (1935) 

 declared that hypophysectomy with or without injury of the 

 hypothalamus caused no change in the metabolism of water 

 in frogs. The conflicting data cannot be easily interpreted. 

 They indicate the probability that lesions of the brain in the 

 hypophysial region can cause changes in the excretion and 

 perhaps in the absorption and/or retention of water. 



Schiirmeyer (1926) reported that an injury of the midbrain 

 of the frog caused a persistent darkening of the skin (due to a 

 dispersion of the melanosomes within the melanophores) 

 which he considered to be the result of an increased liberation 

 of hormone from the cells of the pars intermedia. According 

 to Giusti and Houssay (1922-23), both the bronzing of the 

 hyperkeratotic skin and the expulsion of ova in the spring 

 could be produced in the toad either by injury of the tuber 

 cinereum or by hypophysectomy. Among other effects ob- 

 served by Houssay and his collaborators (1924-25, 1929) in 

 toads with hypothalamic lesions was a lowering of the con- 



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