THE EFFECTS OF HYPOPHYSECTOMY 



to the gland has been transbuccal, parapharyngeal, or retro- 

 pharyngeal. 



Hypophysectomy in the cat is followed by characteristic 

 atrophic or regressive changes in the gonads, thyroid, and 

 adrenal cortex; the liver and spleen are also smaller in hypo- 

 physectomized cats (McPhail, 1935). Parturition in pregnant 

 cats can take place normally in the absence of the pituitary 

 body (Allan and Wiles, 1932). The effects of the operation at 

 about the middle of pregnancy or during lactation are similar 

 to those in the rabbit and ferret (McPhail). Hypophysec- 

 tomized cats are unusually insulin sensitive (McPhail); if 

 they are also pancreatectomized, they lose weight and excrete 

 glucose in the urine. Unlike pancreatectomized cats, how- 

 ever, they may live for weeks without insulin and may not 

 suffer from either an acidosis or a ketosis (Long and Lukens, 

 1934)- 



The technique of hypophysectomy in the monkey {Macaca 

 mulatta, M. rhesus) has been described by Firor (1932). 



THE EFFECTS OF LESIONS OF THE HYPOTHALAMUS'^ 



The effects of lesions of the hypothalamus in amphibia. — The 

 precise extent to which injury of the hypothalamus is respon- 

 sible for changes in the absorption, retention, and excretion 

 of water in frogs or toads is not clear from the experimental 

 results of different investigators. Accurate experiments re- 

 quire the careful control of the temperature of the air and 

 water, the period of immersion in water, etc. Some of the 

 papers cited do not state how carefully the conditions of the 

 experiments were controlled. Moreover, the metabolism of 

 other substances, such as salts, may profoundly affect the 

 metabolism of water and yet may be completely neglected. 



x-^n increased rate of excretion of water — apparently due to 

 a polyuria — has been attributed to an injury of the tuber 



"Only those effects, which are often thought to be associated with the removal 

 of all or a part of the pituitary body, are considered. 



[71] 



