GONADOTROPIC SUBSTANCES 



hormone of "castrate urine" causes marked stimulation of 

 follicle growth without the cystic degeneration of the follicles 

 frequently observed after anterior pituitary extracts (Smith 

 and Engle, 1934). Leonard and Smith (1933, 1934) com- 

 pared the effects of prolan, follicle-stimulating hormone 

 (from urine of cases of menopause and migraine), and an- 

 terior pituitary implants. In normal immature rats, ovarian 

 hypertrophy was greatly increased (potentiation effect) if 

 foUicle-stimulating hormone and prolan were given together. 

 In hypophysectomized rats follicle-stimulating hormone 

 brought about maturation of the follicles but neither ovula- 

 tion nor luteinization unless anterior pituitary implants or 

 prolan were also administered. Their results suggested that 

 the hormone with which they worked might be the true 

 follicle-stimulating hormone of the anterior pituitary. Smith 

 and Engle (1934) reported that extracts of urine from spayed 

 women stimulated spermatogenesis in hypophysectomized 

 male rats much more effectively than prolan. On the other 

 hand, the hormone caused no hypertrophy of the interstitial 

 tissue so that the accessory organs underwent atrophy. 

 Under appropriate conditions, however, prolan could stimu- 

 late both spermatogenesis and hyperplasia of the interstitial 

 cells. 



Katzman and Doisy (1934) determined the amount of 

 gonadotropic hormone in the urine of normal male and female 

 human beings of different ages, and compared their results 

 with those obtained by other investigators. 



IV. THE GONADOTROPIC HORMONE FOUND IN THE 

 BLOOD AND TISSUES OF THE PREGNANT MARE 



In 1930 Cole and Hart, as well as Zondek, reported that 

 a prolan-like substance could be detected in the blood of the 

 pregnant mare. Subsequent investigations have shown that 

 this gonadotropic hormone (for purposes of discussion it will 



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