THE PITUITARY BODY 



ficial effect of the pituitary extract on the cachexia following 

 hypophysectomy. Growth-promoting extracts had no effect 

 on the cachexia or survival of adrenalectomized rats. 



Homoplastic or heteroplastic pituitary implants do not 

 readily cause hypertrophy of the adrenal glands of the rat 

 (Emery, 1933). ^According to Emery and Winter (1934), 

 moderate adrenal hypertrophy (14-48 per cent) follows the 

 administration of eight implants (donor: rat or guinea pig). 

 Implants of pituitaries of female animals appeared to be 

 more effective than those of males (castration seemed to 

 have little effect). Adrenal hypertrophy was observed only 

 in rats more than 30 days old and could be prevented by 

 thyroparathyroidectomy. A number of authors have re- 

 ported that pituitary extracts — usually of the anterior lobe — 

 cause hypertrophy of the adrenal glands. Emery and xAtwell 

 (1933) studied the effects of an extract of the whole pituitary 

 body of the sheep on the adrenal glands of castrated and 

 normal male rats weighing 125-200 g. As a result of the in- 

 jections, hypertrophy of both the medulla (13-52 per cent) 

 and the cortex (67-127 per cent) was observed. (The absolute 

 change in weight was far greater in the cortex than in the 

 medulla inasmuch as the cortex was found to constitute 

 about 90 per cent of the gland.) In the cortex the principal 

 microscopic changes were an increased amount of cytoplasm 

 and an increased amount of lipoid in the cells of the fascicu- 

 late and reticulate zones — effects which are the opposite of 

 those due to hypophysectomy.'^ 



Other studies of the effects of extracts of the pars glandu- 

 laris on the adrenals of mice, rats, guinea pigs, rabbits, and 

 dogs have been made by Anselmino, Hoffmann, and Herold 

 (1933-34), ColHp, Anderson, and Thomson (1933), and 

 Houssay and others (1933). Some of the observations were 

 made in hypophysectomized animals (rat: Collip and others; 



1 Emery and Atwell reported that large doses of prolan caused no change in the 

 adrenal glands of spayed or castrated rats. Also see Lopez (1934) and pp. 215-16. 



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