METABOLISM AND THE PARS GLANDULARIS 



or after splanchnotomy. Hyperglycemia and glycosuria could 

 be produced by the injection of an anterior pituitary extract 

 into dogs after pancreatectomy and/or hypophysectomy, 

 gonadectomy, or thyroidectomy. '^ In dogs which had re- 

 ceived anterior pituitary extract, the blood-sugar concentra- 

 tion was high (e.g., 183 mg. per cent compared with no mg. 

 per cent in normal dogs); however, epinephrin or morphine 

 caused a greater elevation of the blood-sugar level than in 

 normal animals. Similar results were obtained in hypophy- 

 sectomized toads in which the hyperglycemic response was 

 increased if implants had been administered (Houssay and 

 Di Benedetto, 1932-33). 



According to Marenzi (1934), an increase in the concentra- 

 tion of lactic acid in the blood coincides with the hyper- 

 glycemia and glycosuria due to the administration of anterior 

 pituitary extract 



Implants or extracts of the pars glandularis produce an 

 increased concentration of sugar in the blood of hypophy- 

 sectomized-pancreatectomized toads (Houssay and Biasotti, 

 1 930-3 1; Braier, 1933) or dogs (Houssay, Biasotti, and 

 Rietti, 1931; Kepinov, 1934; and others). Using toads sub- 

 jected to both operations, Houssay and his colleagues de- 

 tected the diabetogenic hormone not only in the pituitaries 

 of fish, amphibia, birds, and mammals, but also in the urine 

 of normal or diabetic human beings. 



On the basis of their numerous experiments Houssay and 

 his collaborators concluded that the liver is the only gland 

 of internal secretion necessary for the production of diabeto- 

 genic effects by extracts of the pars glandularis. However, 

 other investigators'^ have found that anterior pituitary ex- 

 's Houssay and his co-workers cordinarily injected, in the form of an alkaline 

 extract, the equivalent of 1.4 g. of fresh anterior lobe (ox) per kg. body-weight, 

 intraperitoneally each day. 



'^ Lucke (1933-34); Lucke and Hahndel (1933); Lucke, Heydemann, and Berger 

 (1933); Lucke, Heydemann, and Hahndel (1933); Lucke, Heydemann, and Hechler 

 (1933); Cattaneo (1934); Shpiner and Soskin (1934); and Steppuhn (1934). 



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